Compounding

Question 1

what are compounding facilities besides hospitals and pharmacies (5)

Answer 1

veterinary clinics, cancer centers, sports medicine clinics, research clinics, holistic centers

Question 2

what kinds of medications are compounded? (7)

Answer 2

oncologic, radiopharmaceutical, ophthalmologic, podiatric, neurologic medications & vitamins/supplements

Question 3

what is non-sterile compounding? it is in accordance with the ___.

Answer 3

compounding 2 or more ingredients in accordance with the US pharmacopeial convention (USP) chapter 795

Question 4

compounding is necessary when ___ (3)

Answer 4

-need specialized dosage strengths
-when product commercially unavailable
-product flavoring

Question 5

what technique must a PT use to ensure purity standards when compounding? What does it involve? (4)

Answer 5

aseptic technique - sterile work area, good hygiene, sterile handling, contaminate-free solutions/reagents

Question 6

non-sterile compounding is also called

Answer 6

extemporaneous compounding

Question 7

what can non-sterile compounding make? (9)

Answer 7

ointment, cream, paste, oil in water emulsion, solution, lotion, capsule, tablet, suppository

Question 8

formulas for non sterile compounding of frequent prescriptions can be found in the

Answer 8

master formula record

Question 9

true or false

compounded medications must be verified by the pharmacist

Answer 9

true

Question 10

what is included in a non-sterile compounding log (7)

Answer 10

name of product, lot #, date made, expiration/beyond use dates, quantity, amount of ingredient used, PT/pharmacist initials

Question 11

what is USP chapter 795

Answer 11

standard for non-sterile compounding for purity, quality, and strength

Question 12

tituration

Answer 12

reduce to fine powder by grinding

Question 13

a ___ can be made using a mold

Answer 13

tablet

Question 14

what is sterile compounding

Answer 14

using sterile or non sterile product to create sterile product for intravenous or parenteral use

Question 15

what is USP chapter 797? What does it involve? (3)

Answer 15

the guideline that sets sterile compounding measures - clean environments such as air quality (to avoid contamination), training of personnel/continuing education, and stability/sterilization techniques

Question 16

routes of administration for:
non-sterile compounding (3)
sterile compounding (2)

Answer 16

non = oral, rectal, topical
sterile = intravenous & parenteral

Question 17

what does parenteral mean

Answer 17

injection/infusion subcutaneously, intravenously, or intramuscularly

Question 18

what is used for infection control (5)

Answer 18

hand hygiene, vaccination, education, TB testing, PPE/gowning

Question 19

what is PPE when gowning up (6)

Answer 19

lab coats/suits, shoe covers, masks, gloves, goggles, bouffant caps

Question 20

what is the order of garbing up (5)

Answer 20

dirtiest to cleanest
shoe covers/cap, wash hands, gown/masks, enter room & cleanse hands with alcohol sol, gloves

Question 21

what is the anteroom and clean room

Answer 21

anteroom = where preparation takes place (such as garbing up) to enter clean room = room free from contaminants

Question 22

what happens in the anteroom (5)

Answer 22

label prep, order entry, garbing up, storage area, wash hands

Question 23

___ water is used to dilute/dissolve medications, ___ water is used for irrigation only

Answer 23

bacteriostatic, sterile water

Question 24

the strength of isopropyl alcohol required for disinfecting the pharmacy

Answer 24

70%

Question 25

Which one is isotonic (2) & hypotonic (1) What is used for (if time) normal saline (NS) 0.9% dextrose 5% D5NS 0.45% normal saline (1/2 NS) lactated ringers soltion IVPB potassium chloride 10, 20, 40 MEQ solution

Answer 25

NS = NaCl, isotonic used for fluid replacement & irrigation wounds D5 = fluid replacement & caloric supply D5NS = fluid/electrolyte replacement & caloric supply used for IVs 1/2 NS = hypotonic, fluid/electrolyte replacement for IVs ringers = isotonic IV fluid/electrolyte replacement potassium = treatment potassium deficiencies

Question 26

what can cause chemical degradation of sterile compounds? (4)

Answer 26

time, pH, drug structure, temperature

Question 27

what are factors that affect sterile compounding so they are no longer potent (4)

Answer 27

-chemical degradation -order of addition -drug precipitation -photo degradation (light) due to oxidation/reduction

Question 28

in the USP 797 for sterile compounding, what do each risk level cover? (1, 2, 3)

Answer 28

1 - all medications & procedures 2 - bulk compounding (multiple CSP for several patients or multiple CSPs for one patient 3 - covers all requirements for 1 & 2, those susceptible to contamination

Question 29

what is infusion and flow rate when preparing IV sterile compounds

Answer 29

infusion = dosing rate flow rate = drops per minute/hr

Question 30

what is included in a sterile compounding label (11)

Answer 30

patient name, identification number, hospital room, IV solution & volume, medication, strength, instructions, initials, auxiliary labels, beyond use date (expiration date)

Question 31

How often should the weights on a Class A balance be calibrated?

Answer 31

annually