Compounding 2: Equipment, Stability & Excipients Flashcards
(66 cards)
cautionary note on calibration and materials
calibrate regularly to confirm accuracy
use equipment of material that does not react with compounding ingredients (metal spatulas with metal ion compounds)
measuring volume
use device with measuring capacity equal to or slightly larger than amount being measured for most accurate measurement
measurements made on metric system
cylindrical and conical graduates
graduates measure volume
graduated: same diameter on top and bottom - more accurate than conical or beakers
conical or beakers have wider mouth for easier stirring
wider mouth = lower accuracy
do not use graduate to measure volume <20% of capacity
to read: put on eye level
curve downward = meniscus = bottom of meniscus is center where measurement should be read
syringes for non-sterile
hypodermic (injection) = aka parenteral
syringes most accurate for measuring small volumes
syringes useful for measuring viscous liquids
oral syringe = use for those who need very accurate dose over small dosing cup
syringes for sterile
hypodermic syringes used to transfer drugs/additives into IV bags
syringe package should be wiped with 70% IPA before going into SEC or PEC
sterile syringes must be opened long seal to dec shedding/release of particles into sterile compounding space
needle sticks
recapping can cause needle-sticks = injury, contamination to CSP, infection risk
do not recap syringes in general
preferable use syringes with safety features
leur locks
leur locks make secure, leak-free connections
how to use syringe
do not touch plunger = contamination
IV push: bolus dose into vein directly or through catheter
leur lock: used to connect IV catheter and syringe
syringe types
cannulas = needles
do not use exact size syringe needed to draw up medication bc plunger can be dislodged = use closest size above size needed
do not use two different syringe sizes for dose
oral syringes: used for oral or NG = put “for oral use only”
pipettes
thin, plastic/glass tubes
volumetric pipette: only draws up set volume
Mohr pipette: graduated, can be used to measure different volumes
balances
older balance is Class III torsion balance aka Class A balance = must calculated MWQ
MWQ = SR (typically 6 mg) / acceptable error rate (typically 0.05/5% = typically 120 mg
electronic balance aka analytical balance aka scale = most common; simple and higher sensitivity; must “tare/zero-out” after putting weight boat/glassine paper
do not put material directly on balance - use weight boat or glassine weighing paper
mortars and pestles
compounding pharmacy needs at least 1 glass and 1 Wedgwood or porcelain mortar and pestle
glass: for liquids; things that are oily or can stain
Wedgwood: rough surface; goof for grinding dry crystals/hard powders
Porcelain: smooth; for blending powders and pulverizing gummy consistences
spatulas
mix and transfer
flat part = flatten/grind down ingredients
stainless steel and disposable plastic used commonly
steel: do not use if making mixture with metallic ions
ointment slabs
work surface for other purposes besides making ointments - can be used for forming pills (called a pill tile)
disposable parchment ointment pads can be used if water in mixture will not make paper tear
powder sieves
sifters
sift after powder ground fine to guarantee uniform particle size
electronic mixing
ointment mills, homogenizers, grinders mix ingredients
ointment mill and grinders = dec particle size = inc surface area and rate of absorption
ointment mills
grings and homogenize into uniform
homogenizer
aka electric mortar and pestle = mixes ointments, creams, other semis-solid preparations
hot plate with magnetic stirrer
dissolves and mixes ingredients
has rotating magnet which causes bar to stir
hot plates without bar heats only (can manually mix with glass stirring rod)
heating with hot plates
water bat is helpful when temp needs careful control
put ingredients in container that is put in larger container with water = prevents burning
molds
reusable or disposable
prepare tablets, lozenges/troches, suppositories
in soft such as suppositories, often dispensed in disposable plastic mold; refrigeration helps soft products keep shape
tablets
tablet press is two plastic or metal plates that compress damp powder into tablets
capsules
can be soft gels or hard shells
shells made of gelatin (pork-derived) or hypromellose (plant-based)
capsule sizes: 000 biggest to 5 smallest (can use larger capsule sizes for large animals)
bodies: filled with drug/excipients
cape: put over body by hand or capsule machine
tube sealers
heat and squeeze ends of tubes shut
