Compounds, Mixtures, Metals/Non-metals Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is a compound?
A substance made from two or more elements chemically bonded together.
How are compounds formed?
Through chemical reactions between elements.
What is an example of a compound?
Water (H₂O) – made from hydrogen and oxygen.
What is a mixture?
A combination of two or more substances not chemically bonded.
How can mixtures be separated?
By physical methods such as filtration, distillation, or chromatography.
Give an example of a mixture.
Air – a mixture of gases like nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
Compounds have fixed ratios and chemical bonds; mixtures do not.
Do mixtures have chemical bonds between their components?
No – the substances are just physically mixed.
What is filtration used for?
To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.
What is distillation used for?
To separate a liquid from a solution or to purify liquids.
What is chromatography used for?
To separate mixtures of soluble substances like inks or dyes.
What are metals?
Elements that are typically shiny, malleable, ductile, and conduct electricity.
What are non-metals?
Elements that are dull, brittle, insulators, and poor conductors of electricity.
Where are metals found on the periodic table?
On the left and in the centre.
Where are non-metals found on the periodic table?
On the right-hand side.
What happens when metals react with oxygen?
They form metal oxides, which are usually basic.
What happens when non-metals react with oxygen?
They form non-metal oxides, which are often acidic.
What is malleability?
The ability of a metal to be hammered or rolled into sheets.
What is ductility?
The ability of a metal to be drawn into wires.
Why do metals conduct electricity?
Because they have free (delocalised) electrons that carry charge.
What is a typical property of non-metals?
They are brittle and do not conduct electricity.
Do metals form positive or negative ions?
Positive ions (by losing electrons).
Do non-metals form positive or negative ions?
Negative ions (by gaining electrons).
What is an alloy?
A mixture of metals, or a metal with another element, to improve its properties.
