Ions, Ionic Compounds, Allotropes Of Carbon Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is an ion?
An atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge.
How are positive ions formed?
By losing one or more electrons (usually metals).
How are negative ions formed?
By gaining one or more electrons (usually non-metals).
What charge does a Group 1 metal form?
1
What charge does a Group 7 non-metal form?
-1
What is the name for a positive ion?
Cation.
What is the name for a negative ion?
Anion.
What is an ionic bond?
A strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
How are ionic compounds formed?
When metals react with non-metals and electrons are transferred.
What structure do ionic compounds form?
A giant ionic lattice.
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
High melting points, conduct electricity when molten or in solution, brittle.
Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
Because of strong electrostatic forces between ions.
Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or in solution?
Ions are free to move and carry charge.
What is the formula of sodium chloride?
NaCl
What is the formula of magnesium oxide?
MgO
What is an allotrope?
Different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state.
What are the three allotropes of carbon?
Diamond, graphite, and graphene.
What is diamond?
A giant covalent structure where each carbon forms 4 strong covalent bonds.
What are the properties of diamond?
Very hard, high melting point, does not conduct electricity.
What is graphite?
A giant covalent structure where each carbon forms 3 bonds and has layers.
Why does graphite conduct electricity?
It has delocalised electrons that can move between layers.
Why is graphite soft and slippery?
Layers can slide over each other due to weak forces between them.
What is graphene?
A single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice.
What are the properties of graphene?
Strong, light, conducts electricity.
