comprehensive Flashcards
1
Q
Define Afebrile
A
Without a fever
2
Q
Define Apnea
A
temporary cessation of breathing, especially during sleep
3
Q
Define Blood Pressure
A
The pressure of circulating blood on the walls of the blood vessels
4
Q
Define Bradycardia
A
Abnormally slow heart action
5
Q
Define Bradyapnea
A
Abnormally slow respiration rate
6
Q
Define Diastolic Pressure
A
The pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats
7
Q
Define Dyspepsia
A
difficult or labored breathing.
8
Q
Define Eupnea
A
normal, good, unlabored breathing
9
Q
Define Febrile
A
having or showing the symptoms of a fever
10
Q
Define Fever
A
an abnormally high body temperature
11
Q
Define Dysrhythmia
A
abnormality in a physiological rhythm, especially in the activity of the brain or heart.
12
Q
Define Hypertension
A
A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high.
13
Q
Define Hyperthermia
A
the condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal
14
Q
Define Hypotension
A
A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too low
15
Q
Define Hypothermia
A
the condition of having body temperature greatly below normal
16
Q
What are Korotkoff sounds?
A
Korotkoff Sounds Definition. Korotkoff sounds are blood flow sounds that healthcare providers observe while taking blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer over the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa. These sounds appear and disappear as the blood pressure cuff is inflated and deflated.
17
Q
Define Orthopnea
A
shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs when lying flat, causing the person to have to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair.
18
Q
Define Orthostatic Hypotension
A
AKA postural hypotension — is a form of low blood pressure that happens when you stand up from sitting or lying down
19
Q
Define Pulse
A
a rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through them, typically as felt in the wrists or neck
20
Q
Define Pulse Deficit
A
The difference between the apical and radial pulse
21
Q
Define Pulse Pressure
A
is the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure
22
Q
Define Respiration
A
the action of breathing
23
Q
Define Systolic Pressure
A
The highest pressure when your heart beats and pushes the blood round your body
24
Q
Define Tachycardia
A
an abnormally rapid heart rate
25
Define Tachypnea
an abnormally rapid respiratory rate
26
Define temperature
The difference between the heat produced by the body and the heat lost to the environment measured in degrees
27
Define Vital signs
clinical measurements, specifically pulse rate, temperature, respiration rate, and blood pressure, that indicate the state of a patient's essential body functions.
28
Is oral temperature considered surface or core?
Surface
29
Is rectal temperature considered surface or core?
Core
30
Is tympanic temperature considered surface or core?
core
31
Is Axillary temperature considered surface or core?
surface
32
Is forehead temperature considered surface or core?
core
33
What is normal average oral body temperature for resting healthy adults?
Fahrenheit - 98.6 degrees Celsius- 37.0 degrees
34
What is normal pulse range for a resting adult?
60 to 100 beats/minute
35
What happens to the HR with parasympathetic stimulation?
It decreases
36
What happens to the HR with sympathetic stimulation?
It increases
37
What are the heart ventricles doing during systole?
They are contracting
38
What are the heart ventricles doing during diastole?
They are relaxing
39
What is considered the top of the normal B/P for a resting adult?
Depending on the source, either 120/80 or 110/70
40
What is the most common artery used for blood pressure (B/P) assessment?
Brachial
41
List one other artery that may be used for B/P assessment?
-popliteal -radial
42
What are five times when Vital signs need to be assessed
1. Upon admission to any healthcare agency or facility
2. Any time there is a change in patient condition
3. Any time there is a loss of consciousness
4. Before administering medications that affect cardiovascular or respiratory function
5. When agency/facility policy or protocol call for vitals to be assessed
43
List three main things that affect body temperature
1. Physical Activity
2. State of health
3. Environmental Temperature
44
List seven factors that affect heart rate
1. Age
2. Gender
3. Physical Activity
4. Body Temperature
5. Stress level
6. Medications
7. Disease
45
What is normal respiratory rate range for a resting healthy adult?
12 to 20 breaths/minute
46
List 7 factors that affect respiration rate
1. Age
2. Exercise
3. Acid-base Balance
4. Anxiety
5. Acute Pain
6. Medications
7. Respiratory Disease
47
List 7 factors that affect B/P other than age, gender and race
1. Circadian rhythm
2. Food intake
3. Exercise
4. Weight
5. Emotional State
6. Drugs/Medications
7. Body Positiona
48
49
What are the 7 required parts of a medication order? PDNDRFS
1. Patient Name 2. Date and Time 3. Name of Drug 4. Dose of drug 5. Route of administration 6. Frequency 7. Signature of Prescriber
50
Give an example or type of medication applied as a powder
Medications used to maintain dryness in areas and avoid chafing
51
Give an example or type of medication applied as a Cream
Anti-microbial or anti-fungal creams HRT
52
Give an example or type of medication applied as a Lotion
Dryness relief irritation relief
53
Give 3 examples or type of medication applied as a transdermal patch
Nicotine Nitroglycerin Narcotic analgesics Hormones
54
Give 2 examples or types of medication applied as a Eye drops
Pupal dilation (Atropa) Intra-ocular pressure control
55
Give an example or type of medication applied as a eye ointment
Treat eye infections
56
Give 3 examples or types of medication applied as an ear instillation
Soften earwax Treat infection relief of pain Destroy insects
57
Give 3 examples or type of medication applied as a nasal instillation
Allergies Sinus infection Nasal congestion
58
Give an example or type of medication applied as a vaginal application
Yeast infection suppository
59
Give 3 examples or types of medication applied as a rectal instillation
Laxitives Fecal softeners Anti-emetics Acetaminophen
60
Give an example or type of medication applied as an inhalation
Bronchodilators
61
What does AIDET stand for?
Acknowledge Introduce Duration Explain Thank you
62
What are the three checks a nurse uses before administering medication?
1.When reaching for unit does package or containers 2.After retrieval from drawer and comparing with MAR 3.Before giving med to patient or returning medication to cart
63
What are the 5 rights for safe med administration and the 2 extra rights?
1.Right Medication 2.Right Patient 3.Right Dose 4.Right Route 5.Right Time + 6.Right reason 7.Right Documentation
64
What are the 6 possible patient identifiers
Name Photograph Birthday Medical Record Number Barcode ID number
65
What are the 4 main areas where subcutaneous injections ca be given?
1. The outer aspect of the arm 2. The abdomen between the lower coastal line and the pelvic arch 3. The anterior thigh 4. Upper ventral/dorsal-gluteal areas
66
What are the three recommended sites for IM injections?
1. Deltoid 2. Ventrogluteal 3. vastas Lateralis
67
Which site is recommended for vaccines for adults and children who are walking?
Deltoid
68
Which site is recommended for vaccines administered to infants?
Vastas Lateralis
69
Which site is recommended for viscous or oily medications in adults?
Ventrogluteal
70
Why is the Z-track technique recommended for intramuscular injections?
Avoids leak back of medication Along needle track
71
Give 2 examples of when Z-track technique is recommended
1. When giving Iron, to avoid discoloration 2. When PT is receiving injections over extended periods
72
What type of tissue does a subcutaneous injection get administered into?
Adipose
73
What insertion angle is used for subcutaneous injection?
45-90 degrees
74
What are 2 popular medications administered via subcutaneous injection?
1.Insulin 2. Heparin
75
Between what layers of the skin do intradermal injections go?
The Epidermis and the Dermis
76
What insertion angle is used for intradermal injection?
5-15
77
List 3 uses for intradermal injection
1.Tuberculin 2. Allergy Tests 3. Local Anesthesia
78
What are 4 techniques for reducing discomfort from injections?
1. Z track 2. Pressing on injection site prior to injection 3. Not telling the Patient the moment you plan to inject 4. Distracting the patient
79
What is a PRN order?
As needed
80
What is a standing order?
Pre-approved actions that can be carried out by the nurse without contacting provider
81
What is a one time order?
To be given once at the specified time and by the specified route
82
What is a stat order?
To be given immediately
83
What equipment is needed for administration of an injection for a client who has no transmission based precautions? 6
1. PPE 2. Medication 3. Syringe 4. Antimicrobial Scrub 5. Gauze 6. MAR
84
Know the parts of the syringe as described in your textbook. 9
Plunger, Barrel, Needle, Shaft, Lumen, Bevel, Threads for Luer Lock, Needle Hub, Safety guard
85
Define Abduction
Moving away from the midline
86
Define Adduction
Moving towards the midline
87
Define circumduction
Conical movement of a body part
88
Define flexion
Decreasing the angle of the joint
89
Define Extension
Decreasing the angle of the joint
90
Define hyperextension
Extending beyond the normal extension line
91
Define Dorsiflexion
To bend towards its upper surface
92
Define plantar flexion
Bend towards its lower surface
93
Define rotation
Bone or whole limb pivots or revolves around a single long axis
94
Define internal rotation
Rotation towards the axis of the body
95
Define external rotation
rotation away from the axis of the body
96
Define pronation
rolling inwards motion of the foot
97
Define supination
Rolling outward motion of the foot
98
What is isotonic exercise
Contracting muscle shortens against constant load \*Lifting weights\*
99
What is isometric exercise?
Joint angle and muscle strength don't change during contraction
100
Isokinetic
Movement at a constant speed regardless of force applied
101
Supine position
Laying on back
102
Prone position
Laying on stomach
103
Sim;s position
On left side upper leg flexed at hip and knees, lower leg is straight and upper arm flexed and rested
104
What is High Fowlers position?
Head of bed at or close to a 90 degree angle
105
What is semi Fowlers?
Head of the bed at 30-45 degrees
106
What is trendelenburg position?
Full supine with feet elevated above the head 15-30 degree incline
107
What is reverse trendelenburg?
Full flat supine with 15-30 degree incline head above feet
108
Define Range of motion
The full movement potential of a joint, usually its range of flexion and extension
109
What does the glucometer test?
Blood glucose levels
110
What are the four stages of infection?
1. Incubation 2. Prodromal 3. Acute 4. Convolescent
111
What are the 6 components of the chain of infection?
1. Susceptible Host 2. Infectious Agent 3. Reservoir 4. Portal of exit 5. Means of transmission 6. Portal of entry
112
What is transient bacteria?
Microbes that colonize the skin and can cause infection or disease
113
What is Resident bacteria?
Normal Skin bacteria
114
What is a nosocomial infection?
An infection that is contracted because of an infectious agent or toxin that exists in a certian location
115
What is a healthcare associated infection?
An infection obtained while being treated for a non related condition
