Comprehensive Exam (Botany) Flashcards
(258 cards)
1
Q
- Which best describes a petroplant?
A
a. a plant species that produces liquid hydrocarbons, usually in a milky latex
2
Q
- Most humans no longer rely directly on plants for medicine.
A
b. false
3
Q
- Which is not a scientifically documented plant-human connection?
A
c. people who can see plants while they work are more relaxed, get sleepy and have difficulty concentrating
4
Q
- Which statement is true?
A
b. plants are immobile…which creates lots of challenges
5
Q
The two most common monosaccharides in plants is _______, a product of photosynthesis, and _______, a sugar found in fruits.
A
a. glucose, fructose
6
Q
- The most abundant substance in a primary cell wall is ____.
A
c. cellulose
7
Q
- Which is mismatched?
A
c. tannin - alkaloid
8
Q
- Which is not a function of secondary metabolites?
A
e. regulates cellular respiration
9
Q
- Which plant molecule is found in secondary cell walls, fungi cannot digest it, and has great compressional strength.
A
c. lignin
10
Q
- Plants lack bones but they have ____ and _____ that provide strength and support both to the cell and to the plant body.
A
c. cell walls, turgidity
11
Q
- Osmophores and hydathodes are both examples of cells found in the _______ tissue system.
A
c. dermal
12
Q
- Which organelle is connected to the nuclear envelope?
A
d. endoplasmic reticulum
13
Q
- Which is NOT a function of endoplasmic reticula?
A
b. releases ATP from food molecules
14
Q
- Which endoplasmic reticulum is involved in secretion of lipids?
A
b. smooth
15
Q
- The disc-like structures that form the grana in a chloroplast are called ___.
A
a. thylakoids
16
Q
- Which plastid synthesizes and stores starch?
A
c. amyloplast
17
Q
- Which plastid synthesizes and stores oils?
A
d. elaioplast
18
Q
- Chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts all develop from proplastids.
A
a. true
19
Q
- The largest organelle in a plant cell is the ____.
A
b. vacuole
20
Q
- In which cell structure would you find the tonoplast?
A
d. vacuole
21
Q
- Which plant organelle functions like the lysosome in an animal cell?
a. dictyosome
A
c. vacuole
22
Q
- What is the primary role of cell sap?
A
a. maintains osmotic pressure within the cell
23
Q
- Which component of the cytoskeleton is responsible for the movement of organelles within the cell?
A
a. microtubules
24
Q
- Which would NOT be found in an animal cell?
A
a. plasmodesmata
25
25. Plant cells form a cell plate during telophase; this event does not occur in an animal cell.
a. true
26
26. Which is incorrect?
c. dermal - can form trichomes, glands, fibers
27
27. Which best describes the epidermis?
a. pavement-like cells that form the outermost "skin" of the organs
28
28. Which statement is correct about the epidermis?
d. epidermal cells prevent loss of water and prevent pathogens from entering into the plant
29
29. Guard cells create an open stoma when the cells are___.
a. turgid
30
30. In which tissue system could you find lots of cells with secondary walls?
c. vascular tissue system
31
31. Which best explains why the starch found in wheat is different than the starch found in sweet potatoes?
b. the percentages of amylose and amylopectin differ in the two starches
32
32. How are cellulose and starch alike?
a. both are composed of glucose subunits
33
33. Which of the following could NOT be found in the vascular tissue of a pine tree?
a. fiber
c. vessel element
34
34. Which of the following is true of monocots and dicots?
b. they are both members of the Kingdom Plantae
35
35. Which cell in a gymnosperm transports sucrose
c. sieve cell
36
36. An albuminous cell is:
a. in phloem
37
37. Which is NOT found in a sieve tube member?
b. nucleus
38
38. Where are sieve areas found?
b. lateral walls of both sieve cells and sieve tube members
39
39. Which pair of cells is most efficient and effective in transporting materials when ideal growing conditions are present?
b. vessel elements and sieve tube members
40
40. Which of the following is true of sieve plates?
c. they are composed of many plasmodesmata
41
41. A companion cell could be found in which tissue system/s?
a. vascular
42
42. Which organelle forms a desmotubule?
c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
43
43. Which correctly shows the order of complexity in multicellular plants?
a. cells, tissues, tissue systems, organ systems
44
44. Hard plant surfaces (i.e. pecan shells, coconut husks) are composed of modified ______ cells called ______.
a. sclerenchyma; macrosclereids
45
45. Where would you most likely find lignin in a cell wall?
b. tracheid
46
46. Which is NOT found in the dermal tissue system?
d. albuminous cell
47
47. What do mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?
a. DNA is present
48
48. Which is true of sclereids?
a. they have primary and secondary cell walls
49
49. Xylem:
a. can be formed from a primary meristem.
50
50. Which feature is true of a fiber but not of a tracheid?
d. no pits are present
51
51. Which of the following comparisons is NOT correct?
e. phloem--guard cells and companion cells
52
52. Which best explains why recent discoveries have resulted in referring to the cuticle as a “smart membrane”?
b. it allows 2-way transport of select molecules
53
53. What problem can result from an open stoma?
b. small predators can enter into the leaf
54
54. In order for a stoma to be formed by guard cells what must happen first?
b. potassium ions must be transported into the guard cells
55
55. Which factor would cause stoma to close?
b. water deficit in the plant
56
56. Which phloem cell has a nucleus and helps another phloem cell to perform its translocation function?
d. albuminous cell
57
57. Which event occurs when bulliform cells lose water?
b. the leaf curls up to decrease surface area
58
58. In which habitat(s) would you be more likely to encounter a plant with a multilayered epidermis?
c. dry
59
59. Which complex tissue is responsible for water conduction?
b. xylem
60
60. How many types of simple tissue can be found in phloem?
b. 2
61
61. The material carried in resin ducts and latex ducts is produced by:
a. parenchyma cells
62
62. Which conducting cells have tapered ends which overlap with the end of the next cell?
c. sieve cells and tracheids
63
63. Is phloem a simple or complex tissue?
b. complex
64
64. Which component of xylem and phloem is involved in short-range transport?
a. fiber
b. parenchyma
65
65. Which statement is correct?
b. phloem transports from a source to a sink
66
1. A plant that produces only herbaceous stems can be an/a:
| a. annual
e. a, b, and c are correct
67
2. Where would a protoderm be found?
a. at the tips of roots and shoots
68
3. Which best describes the ground tissue in a dicot herbaceous stem?
d. both a cortex and a pith
69
4. Which of the following is not found in a monocot herbaceous stem?
c. vascular cambium is found between the phloem and xylem
70
5. Which one or more of the following are found in the vascular tissue system of both monocot and dicot herbaceous stems?
c. tracheids
71
6. Which statement is correct of a dicot stem?
d. the fascicular and interfascicular cambium increase the girth of the stem
72
7. What part of the bark on a cork oak should NOT be removed if the tree is to live?
d. phloem
73
8. Which of the following is true of diffuse porous wood?
b. vessel elements occur in both the earlywood and the latewood
74
9. Which of the following is true of both sapwood and heartwood?
b. they are composed of the same kind of cells
75
10. Which primary tissue would still be present in a cross section of a woody root?
b vascular
76
11. Which of the following best describes phelloderm?
d. parenchyma
77
12. The wax that impregnates the cell walls of cork cells is ____.
a. suberin
78
13. Which one of the following is not part of the periderm?
d. sieve tube members
79
14. Which one of the following is a part of the inner bark?
d. companion cells
80
15. Vertically oriented phloem cells are produced by a ______ initial.
b. fusiform
81
16. How many different kinds of cells could be produced by a ray initial?
a. 1
82
17. A 100-year-old tree lacks primary meristems.
b. false
83
18. What is the most common type of cell produced in the xylem of a pine stem in the spring?
b. tracheid
84
19. An annual ring is composed of ____.
a. latewood and earlywood
85
20. In which of the following situations would you NOT expect to find the formation of distinct annual rings in a woody stem?
a. temperature, rainfall, and light conditions show little variation
86
21. Which produces the most growth?
a. vascular cambium
87
22. What tissue composes most of a woody stem?
d. secondary xylem
88
23. Wood density is determined by
b. a ratio of the amount of cell wall material to the amount of lumen
89
24. Gas exchange in woody stems is accomplished by stomata.
b. false
90
25. Which one or more of the following is/are true of a fibrous root system?
c. the radicle dies and is replaced by many small adventitious roots
91
26. You would expect a hemiparasitic plant to have what kind of root?
c. haustorial
92
27. Which part of a root is capable of responding to touch and gravity?
d. columella cells
93
28. In what part of the root would you find an active ground meristem?
c. the zone of cell division
94
29. Which one or more of the following is/are true of root hairs?
d. b and c are correct
95
30. Which of the following would you expect to find in a cross section of a typical mature herbaceous dicot root?
c. a vascular cambium
96
31. While visiting your aunt in Michigan, you see a beaver gnawing on a birch tree. You scare it off but not before it removed a strip of bark all the way around the tree. Despite building a fence around the tree to prevent additional damage, the tree dies after a few months. The first event that would occur in this tree’s death would be ____.
d. death of the roots of the tree, because they would no longer be able to receive carbohydrates from the leaves
97
32. The primary purpose of the Casparian strip is:
d. to prevent minerals from moving passively into the stele
98
33. Which of the following is true of bark?
a. it is composed of phloem plus periderm
99
34. Which root structures are immediately destroyed during secondary growth?
a. the endodermis, epidermis, and cortex
100
35. Which is true of the pericycle in a monocot root?
c. it is responsible for the formation of branch roots
101
36. Root mucigel or cell slime
b. may be formed by bacteria
102
37. Which could you learn from a woody stem that has either compression wood or tension wood?
b. the stem had grown horizontally, not vertically
103
38. Which cell remains undifferentiated and is capable of continued mitosis?
c. initial cell
104
39. Which of the following will be responsible for primary growth in plants?
c. apical meristem
105
40. Which is true of the vascular cambium in a dicot stem?
e. the interfascicular cambium only produces secondary growth
106
41. In what order would you pass through tissues when moving from the pith to the epidermis in a plant possessing secondary vascular tissue?
b. 1° xylem, 2° xylem, vascular cambium, 2° phloem, 1° phloem
107
42. In a young root, the sequence of tissues from the outside to the center is:
b. epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, primary phloem, primary xylem
108
43. Primary tissues arise:
b. from the three primary apical meristems
109
44. A basal meristem increases the _____ of a _____.
d. length, stem
110
45. An intercalary meristem:
b. increases the length of an internode
111
46. Which cell structure is directly responsible for causing derivative cells to elongate?
c. vacuole
112
47. What is the function of the pericycle in a monocot root?
d. forms branch roots
113
48. The illustration below shows a vascular cambium (the ring). In the vascular cambium are two fusiform cells. Which fusiform cell increases the size of the vascular cambium, the one on the left or the one on the right?
a. left
114
49. In which portion of the root are most of the water and minerals absorbed?
c. zone of cell maturation
115
50. A mutation occurs and a dorsiventral leaf’s anatomy is now upside down (i.e. the lower epidermis is on top). What would be the consequence of this change?
d. stomata are directly exposed to the sun and more water is lost from the plant
116
51. Which best explains why leaves need many veins?
c. leaves make sugars which are transported out of the leaf for either storage or energy to other living cells
117
52. Monocot leaves usually differ from dicot leaves in that monocot leaves have:
d. parallel venation
118
53. Which best explains why a leaf with isobilateral orientation has stomata in both epidermal layers?
b. their orientation results in similar environments on both sides of the leaf
119
54. Which would be more likely in a dorsiventral leaf?
b. the cuticle is thicker on the upper epidermis, more stomata in the lower epidermis
120
55. Which describes a mesophytic habitat?
b. moderate temperatures and rainfall
121
56. Which of the following explains why plants must thermoregulate?
d. growth rate declines as temperatures increase
122
57. Rubisco works best at approximately (number) ____ °F.
a. 70
123
58. For transpiration to work as a thermoregulation mechanism for plants which of the following must be true?
c. the habitat has abundant water in the soil
124
59. Which best describes a leaf boundary layer?
a. a thin zone of calm air surrounding the leaf
125
60. Which of the following is associated with more efficient cooling by convection?
c. a dissected margin
126
61. Where can bulliform cells be found?
d. in one epidermal layer of a monocot leaf
127
62. In a C3 leaf what is the primary responsibility of the bundle sheath?
b. loading or unloading transport materials into/out of the vascular tissue
128
63. Surface area and volume measurements were made on leaves from two different species (A, B) of woody trees. The average volume of the leaves of the two species was not significantly different; however the average surface area (SA) of Species A was 24.7 cm2 whereas the average for Species B was 3.4 cm2. What can you correctly predict from this information?
c. Species A probably has a higher density of stomata per mm2 than B
129
64. Which of the following would you expect to find in a floating hydrophyte?
c. stomata only in upper epidermis
130
65. Which of the following would NOT help a leaf avoid gaining excess heat from radiation?
c. dark pigments in the leaves
131
66. Which of the following would be true for a shade leaf?
a. its internal temperature is cooler than a sun leaf
132
67. Which of the following is NOT an advantage conferred by compound leaves versus simple leaves?
d. Cooling by transpiration is more effective.
133
68. The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily?
c. elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem
134
69. By which method does a mature endodermal root cell obtain most of its minerals?
c. active transport
135
70. In a pine tree, the type of cell used to move water and minerals from one part to another is a:
a. tracheid
136
1. Which of the following pairs of cells do NOT have identical chromosome numbers in a given species of plant?
c. spore and zygote
137
2. Mitosis:
b. always produces copies genetically identical to the original parent cell
138
3. In a diplontic life cycle, ______ results in ______ and ______ results in ______.
d. meiosis; gametes; fertilization; the zygote
139
4. Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all three sexual life cycles have in common: 1) alternation of generations, 2) meiosis, 3) fertilization, 4) gametes, 5) spores
d. 2, 3, 4
140
6. A microspore produces a(n) ____ by _____ .
c. microgametophyte; mitosis
141
7. The products of the light-dependent reactions of C3 photosynthesis are:
a. used in the stroma
142
8. If Photosystem I was replaced by an electron acceptor that only captured electrons:
b. NADPH synthesis would stop
143
9. Which of the following is the best definition of photoautotropic?
c. plants can fix carbon from carbon dioxide and capture energy from the sun
144
10. In the members of the Plant Kingdom chlorophyll molecules are found in the ___.
b. thylakoid membranes
145
11. Which of the following are often limiting factors for photosynthesis?
c. carbon dioxide and water
146
12. What forms light harvesting units in members of the Plant Kingdom?
a. chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, accessory pigments
147
13. Which of the following is true of a photosystem?
a. antenna molecules capture energy from the sun
c. electrons in the reaction center are excited to a higher energy level
e. a and c are correct
148
14. ATP is formed as a result of events in ___.
b. Photosystem II
149
15. Oxygen is released during events in ___.
b. Photosystem II
150
16. What are the products of the light dependent reactions?
a. oxygen, ATP, NADPH
151
17. What is photorespiration?
c. when rubisco joins with an oxygen molecule
152
18. Which are negative results from photorespiration?
a. no carbon is fixed and previously fixed carbon molecules are lost
b. no glucose is made
c. ribulose bisphosphate is not formed
e. a, b, and c are correct
153
19. The occurrence of photorespiration is higher in which environment?
a. dry, hot conditions
154
20. How does a C4 plant avoid photorespiration?
b. it uses rubisco in low oxygen cells
155
21. Where does carbon fixation occur in a C4 plant?
c. in both the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells
156
22. Which cells in a C4 plant have few to no grana but lots of stroma?
b. bundle sheath cells
157
23. Rubisco is active in which cells in a C4 plant?
b. bundle sheath cells
158
24. Which plants would grow the fastest in warm, dry conditions with abundant light?
b. C4
159
25. Which plants would grow the fastest in cool, moist conditions with abundant light?
a. C3
160
26. How many times does carbon fixation occur in a CAM plant?
c. 2
161
27. The benefit of CAM photosynthesis is avoiding/decreasing which event?
a. water loss
162
28. In which type of photosynthesis are stomata open during the night but not during the day?
c. CAM
163
29. In what respect are the photosynthetic adaptations of C4 plants and CAM plants similar?
c. in both cases, an enzyme other than rubisco carries out the first carbon fixation
164
30. In green plants, the primary function of the light independent reactions is to:
d. construct simple sugars from carbon dioxide
165
31. Photorespiration:
d. involves rubisco in its capacity as an oxygenase
166
32. During the day, where would you find the highest concentration of oxygen in a C4 plant?
b. mesophyll cells
167
33. To promote plant growth, “grow lights” should produce light with what wavelengths?
e. red-orange and blue-violet
168
34. Water loss by transpiration must be balanced with:
b. having carbon dioxide for photosynthesis
169
35. CAM plants can keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they:
a. fix carbon dioxide into organic acids during the night
170
36. Which is true of C4 photosynthesis?
a. rubisco is active only in the bundle sheath chloroplasts
171
37. Which organelle(s) originated during primary endosymbiosis?
a. mitochondria
c. chloroplast
e. a and c are correct
172
38. Which three algae groups are thought to have originated via primary endosymbiotic events?
c. green algae, glaucophytes, red algae
173
39. Which best defines secondary endosymbiosis?
c. an eukaryotic cell was engulfed by an eukaryotic cell
174
40. All algal groups have members with:
b. chloroplasts with chlorophyll a
175
41. An organism has a pellicle and chlorophyll a and b. What is it?
a. euglenoid
176
42. The nuclei of dinoflagellates resemble those of:
e. no other algae
177
43. Stoneworts/brittleworts (Chara) and plants both have
b. multicellular gametangia
178
44. The euglenoids have been classified as protozoa, protista, plants and animals. Why the confusion?
d. like most protists, they don’t fit neatly into other categories
179
45. Which group of algae have members that are bioluminescent?
c. dinoflagellates
180
46. The presence of a chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum can best be described as the result of:
c. a heterotrophic aerobic eukaryotic cell engulfing a photoautotrophic eukaryotic cell
181
47. Which one or more of the following is true of diatoms?
d. their cell walls form deep deposits on the ocean floors
182
48. In which algae is chlorophyll a masked by the presence of chlorophyll c and the pigment fucoxanthin?
c. brown algae
183
49. Which of the statement(s) below best explain(s) Spirogyra’s (water silk) haplontic life cycle:
c. only the haploid phase is capable of mitosis
184
50. In the diplontic life cycle of the rockweed (Fucus) how are the gametes formed?
c. within the oogonia and antheridia by meiosis
185
51. Which of the following statements about dinoflagellates is FALSE?
a. They have three or more flagella in grooves.
186
52. This algae group has condensed chromosomes, no eyespot, chlorophyll a, c and phycobilins.
b. Cryptophyta
187
53. Which of the following statements about euglenoids is FALSE?
d. Most have a cell wall
188
54. In the diplohaplontic life cycle of Ulva (sea lettuce) spores are formed:
d. from sporangia on the margin of the sporophyte
189
55. Which best describes a nucleomorph?
b. a vestigial endosymbiont with a chloroplast and remains of a nucleus within an eukaryotic cell
190
56. Which alga is often described as a mesokaryote?
b. dinoflagellate
191
57. Red tide is caused by a bloom of:
c. dinoflagellates
192
58. What is the function of an ejectosome?
b. when released it rapidly propels the algae backwards
193
59. Which best describes an algae that is mixotrophic?
b. it can switch back and forth between photoautotropic and heterotrophic
194
60. Which phylum is composed of only multicellular members, mostly found in cold, marine waters and are morphological and anatomically complex?
d. Phaeophyta
195
61. This species has 2 flagella, no cell wall but is covered in calcified scales, with chlorophyll a and c.
b. Prymnesiophyta
196
62. What is the function of a haptonema?
d. b and c are correct
197
63. Which of the following is incorrectly paired?
d. green algae - alginic acid
198
64. Phylogeny refers to the:
d. evolutionary history of an organism.
199
1) Which pigment is present in the red algae but is not found in any other algae member in the Kingdom Protista?
c. chlorophyll d
200
2) Which statement is incorrect in regards to the reproductive cycle of Polysiphoni?
c. trichogyne – captures swimming sperm
201
3) What is released by the red algae male gametophyte?
c. spermatia
202
4) Which compound listed below is harvested from red algae, a very common component in processed foods, and may be harmful to human when eaten?
b. carrageenan
203
5) Which compound has recently been discovered in some red algae?
c. lignin
204
6) Which is thought to have been the first of the nonvascular plants to move to land?
a. liverworts
205
7) Which feature(s) below is/are found in the non-vascular plants?
a. rhizoids
206
8) Which of the following is/are found in liverworts?
c. oil bodies and elaters
207
9) Which of the following is true of the nonvascular plants?
d. they produce only one kind of gametophyte
208
10) Which structure in a moss sporophyte is specialized for gradual spore discharge?
b. peristome
209
11) The moss capsule is covered by a haploid _____.
a. calyptra
210
12) How is reproduction different between mosses and liverworts?
d. liverworts form archegoniophores and antheridiophores, mosses do not
211
14) Gemmae are involved in ____ reproduction.
b. asexual
212
15) In which of the nonvascular plants is spore dispersal aided by hygroscopic elaters?
a. liverwort
213
16) Which one or more of the features listed is/are NOT found in hornworts?
d. oil bodies in the thallus
214
17) Which one or more of the following is/are true of a hornwort?
a. no capsule is formed
b. there is no seta
e. a, b, and c are correct
215
18) Which feature is the reason hornworts deserve the name hornworts?
b. they have an intercalary meristem in their sporangia
216
19) Mosses share which of the following with the green algae?
a. a common chloroplast lineage
217
20) The gametophyte generation of a moss
c. is haploid
218
21) Which of the following best describes both the mosses and the liverworts?
c. both use gemmae for asexual reproduction
219
22) Which of the following best explains why the non-vascular plants failed to dominate the earth’s terrestrial habitats?
b. the dominant phase of the life cycle lacks vascular tissue and a well-developed cuticle
220
23) One innovation important to the survival of the nonvascular plants on land was ___.
c. the egg is retained within the archegonium
221
24) Which is true of ALL seedless vascular plants?
c. biflagellate sperm
222
25) A biology student hiking in a forest happens upon an erect, 15-cm tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobilus at its tallest point. When disturbed, the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust. A pocket magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny spheres with a high oil content. This student has probably found a(n) _____.
c. lycophyte sporophyte
223
26) Which would be present in Selaginella but would not be present in Lycopodium?
c. microspores
224
27) Seedless vascular plants
b. have functional stomata
225
28) Which one or more of the features below are found in the seedless vascular plants but are not found in the non-vascular plants?
a. true leaves
c. true roots
d. a and c
226
29) All seedless vascular plants have
c. tracheids and sieve cells
227
30) In terms of alternation of generations, pollen of seed-producing plants is equivalent to a:
c. fern gametophyte that bears only antheridia
228
31) The gymnosperms, non-vascular plants, seedless vascular plants, and the green algae all have
b. the same photosynthetic pigments
229
32) Which feature(s) is/are found in Equisetum plants?
b. formation of sporangiophores
230
33) Which of the following is true of seedless vascular plants?
b. Carboniferous forests were dominated by large, seedless vascular plants.
231
34) Assuming that they all belong to the same fern, arrange the following structures from largest to smallest (or from most inclusive to least inclusive).
1. spores 2. sporophylls 3. sporophytes 4. sporangia
c. 3, 2, 4, 1
232
35) Which is absent in the seedless vascular plants but present in the non-vascular plants?
a. sporophyte permanently attached to the gametophyte
233
36) In most ferns the sporangia are in clusters called ___.
b. sori
234
37) Which best describes how spores are released in a fern?
b. explosively
235
38) Some ferns can control the formation of gametangia on other nearby fern prothalli.
a. true
236
39) Fern archegonia are often found near the ____ of the gametophyte.
a. apical notch
237
A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, the following characteristics are noted: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to ____.
c. ferns
238
41) Which best describes the origin of the whisk fern?
d. it is most closely related to the ferns
239
42) In a fern the zygote develops in the:
a. archegonium
240
43) Which one or more features listed below is/are found on the whisk fern?
e. both c and d are correct
241
44) What is a difference between Selaginella (spike moss) and Lycopodium (club moss)?
b. the gametophyte of Selaginella develops inside the spore wall; in Lycopodium the gametophyte grows out of the spore
242
45) Which of these statements correctly describes a portion of the pine life cycle?
a. Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs.
243
46) Which feature would be found in the nonvascular plants, seedless vascular plants and the gymnosperms?
a. archegonium
244
47) In pine, when a microspore mother cell divides, the immediate products are:
c. 4 microspores
245
48) Which one or more of the features listed is/are true of all gymnosperms?
e. one of the above answers is incorrect
246
49) Which cell in a pine microgametophyte is responsible for forming two sperm cells?
c. generative cell
247
50) Pollen is another name for the ____.
c. microgametophyte
248
51) The outer wall of a pine microgametophyte originated from the ____.
a. microspore
249
52) What does a very young gymnosperm sporophyte have than very young seedless vascular plant sporophytes do not have?
a. sporophyte is encased in a protective coating
b. sporophyte can stay dormant for an extended time
d. a and b are correct
250
53) In pines, microspores are produced from ___ by ____.
d. microspore mother cells: meiosis
251
54) What is responsible for the actual pollination in pines?
b. pollination droplet
252
55) Within a single pine ovule, how many megaspores are responsible for producing a megagametophyte?
a. 1
253
56) Arrange the parts of a pine ovule in order from the outermost layer to the innermost.
A = archegonium B = megasporangium C = megagametophyte D = integument E = egg
b. D, B, C, A, E
254
57) In pines _____ sperm cell(s) travel through the pollen tube to the megagametophyte where ____ sperm cell(s) is/are involved in fertilization.
a. 2, 1
255
58) Which phyla of gymnosperms contains the most species?
c. Pinophyta
256
59) Which gymnosperm phylum has flagellated sperm, forms a pollination droplet, a seed with a fleshy integument, and edible (??) seeds?
d. Ginkgophyta
257
60) Which gymnosperm phylum has pollinators, pinnately compound leaves, large cones, 3-celled pollen, and flagellated sperm?
a. Cycadophyta
258
61) This gymnosperm phylum contains members with broad angiosperm-like leaves, a species in which both sperm are involved in fertilization, vessel elements, and one in which the egg migrates to the pollen tube.
b. Gnetophyta
