Comprehensive Finals Flashcards
(57 cards)
1
Q
DNA is double helix held together by _______
A
base pairs
2
Q
base pairs are held together by ____________
A
hydrogen bonds
3
Q
cytosine -
A
guanine
4
Q
adenine -
A
thymine
5
Q
- process used by the cell to make identical copies of DNA
A
Replication
6
Q
- contain the genetic code
A
nucleic acids
7
Q
- nucleotides which are building blocks
A
monomers
8
Q
RNA bases:
A
Adenine
Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine
9
Q
The order of the ______ determine the genetic code
A
base pairs
10
Q
_____ are a group of 3 nucleotides which code for amino acids
A
codons
11
Q
- appearance
A
phenotype
12
Q
- genetic constitution or composition
A
genotype
13
Q
- a genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes, often in bacterium or protozoans
A
plasmid
14
Q
- any agent that causes a disease
A
Pathogen
15
Q
Types of pathogens:
A
- virus
- bacterium
- protozoan
- fungus
- helminth
16
Q
- scientific study of disease
A
pathology
17
Q
- scientific study of the cause of disease
A
Etiology
18
Q
- the microbial cause of disease (pathogen)
A
Etiological agent
19
Q
- colonization of the body by pathogens
A
infection
20
Q
- disruption of bodily functions
A
disease
21
Q
microorganisms that permanently colonize the body are called _________
A
normal flora
22
Q
the _____ has the most bacteria
A
mouth
23
Q
_____ is used to determine the age of a disease
A
Koch’s postulate
24
Q
Koch’s postulate
A
- the microorganism or other pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease
- the pathogen can be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture
- the pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal
- the pathogen must be reisolated from the new host and shown to be the same as the originally inoculated pathogen
25
- objective and measured by a physician
Sign
26
- subjective and apparent to a patient
symptom
27
- local outbreak
Epidemic
28
- carriers a pathogen (human, animal or fomites)
Reservoirs
29
- worldwide outbreak
Pandemic
30
- the science that deals with when and where a disease occurs
Epidemiology
31
- ability to cause disease
Pathogenicity
32
- severity of a disease
Virulence
33
A _____ helps to penetrate a hosts’ defense
capsule
34
_____ of the cell wall resists phagocytosis, heat, and acids
M-Protein
35
____ speed up chemical reactions and end with (ase)
Enzymes
36
- death of a tissue
Necrosis
37
____ are poisons produced by microbes
Toxins
38
____ are secreted outside of a microbe
Exotoxins
39
Lysis can release exotoxins and induce a _____
fever
40
_______ symptoms include thrush and yeast infections
Candida albicans
41
Conjunctiva (eye) species:
Corynebacterium species
| Haemophilus species
42
_____ - factors inherent in the body. Provides a defense against infection
natural resistance
43
___________ - provides a mechanical and chemical barrier
skin and mucous membranes
44
_______ - antiviral substance
Interferon
45
Phagocytosis - leukocytes that destroy _____ substances
foreign
46
_______ - responce to injury
inflammation
47
Hallmark of inflammation ______, ________, _______-, and _______-
Dilation, Erythema (reddening), Edema(swelling)/pyogenesis(pus formation), and Fever
48
__ - circulating antibody, only immunoglobulin to cross the placenta
IgG
49
__- First antibody produced during antibody reaction
IgM
50
__ - anti body to invade microorganisms (breast milk)
IgA
51
__ - involved in hypersensitivity reactions
IgE
52
__ - On the surface of lymphocytes, important in B-cell activation
IgD
53
________ - term used to describe serum proteins that help antibodies destroy forgiven particles
complement
54
________ antimicrobial drugs - act upon a large number of G+ and G-
broad spectrum
55
______ - drugs made by bacterium or fungi
antibiotics
56
antimicrobial drugs act ______ a host
within
57
_________ vaccine - uses harmless antibodies to stimulate antigen
anti-idiotypic
