Comprehensive Review For Ethics

Question 1

• It is about what is acceptable and unacceptable in human behavior
• It is a subject for determining the grounds for the values with particular and special significance to human life

Answer 1

Ethics

Question 2

• Specific beliefs or attitudes that people have
• Used to describe acts that people perform

Answer 2

Morals

Question 3

When a person is an observer, this is the assessment they make on the actions/behavior of someone else.

Answer 3

Moral Judgment

Question 4

A complicated situation wherein one is torn between choosing one of two goods or choosing between the lesser of two evils.

Answer 4

Moral Dilemma

Question 5

• A situation that calls for moral valuation.
• Particular situations that are often the source of considerable and inconclusive debate

Answer 5

Moral Issue

Question 6

• The discipline of better understanding reality in a maintained and systematic manner
• Asks significant questions that other fields are unable to address, which would then develop into specific methods

Answer 6

Philosophy

Question 7

Philosophy’s Etymology:

Answer 7

philia: love + sophia: wisdom = love of wisdom

Question 8

Branch of Philosophy that wonders as to what constitutes the whole of reality

Answer 8

Metaphysics

Question 9

Branch of Philosophy that asks what is our basis of determining what we know

Answer 9

Epistemology

Question 10

Branch of Philosophy that refers broadly to the study of value

Divided into aesthetics and ethics

Answer 10

Axiology

Question 11

Value of beauty

Answer 11

Aesthetics

Question 12

Value of human actions

Answer 12

Ethics

Question 13

• Study of ethics that reports how people or groups make their moral valuations without making any judgment either for or against these valuations

Often the work of:
- social scientists
- historians
- sociologist
- anthropologist

Answer 13

Descriptive Ethics

Question 14

• Study of ethics that prescribes what we ought to maintain as our standards or bases for moral valuation
• Used in Philosophy and Moral Theology

Answer 14

Normative Ethics

Question 15

This Greek thinker is credited as one of the pioneers of philosophy as his various writings bring up questions that have lasting significance on humankind.

Answer 15

Plato

Question 16

• Text written by Plato

Answer 16

The Apology of Socrates

Question 17

In The Apology of Socrates, what does Socrates claim?

Answer 17

Socrates makes the claim that it is the greatest good for a person to spend time thinking about and discussing with others questions on goodness and virtue

Question 18

• The ethical theory that argues for the goodness of pleasure and the determination of right behavior based on the usefulness of the action’s consequences
• The goodness or badness of an action is based on whether it is useful in contributing to a specific purpose for the greatest number of people

Answer 18

Utilitarianism

Question 19

Refers to the usefulness of the consequences of one’s action and behavior

Answer 19

Utility

Question 20

The two foremost utilitarian thinkers:

Answer 20

Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

Question 21

Bentham claims that our actions are governed by two masters that help us determine what is good or bad

Answer 21

1.Pleasure
2. Pain

Question 22

This principle is about our subjection to pleasure and pain.

Refers to the motivation of our actions as guided by our avoidance to pain and desire for pleasure.

It makes us inquire if what we do makes us happier?

Answer 22

Principle of Utility

Question 23

According to Mill, the things that makes people happy is __________ and what makes us unhappy is __________

Answer 23

• Intended pleasure
• Privation of pleasure