Comprehensive_Exam_Flashcards
What are the key properties of metals in biomedical applications?
High tensile strength, high elastic modulus, wear resistance, good fatigue strength.
What is a major problem of metals in biomedical applications?
Corrosion in the human body environment.
What are some challenges with metals related to biocompatibility?
Corrosion releases ions causing osteolysis and metallosis, and 10% of people are allergic.
What are examples of applications for metals in biomedical use?
Prostheses (CoCrMo alloys), fixation devices (titanium alloys), dental implants (gold).
Why are magnesium alloys used in implants?
Magnesium alloys have excellent biodegradability with a low degradation rate.
What are the key properties of ceramics in biomedical applications?
High stiffness, high compressive strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.
What are examples of bioinert ceramics?
Alumina and zirconia.
What are bioactive ceramics?
Bioglass and hydroxyapatite.
What is an example of a bioresorbable ceramic?
Tricalcium phosphate (TCP).
What is a key limitation of ceramics for load-bearing applications?
Brittleness and low fracture toughness.
Where are bioactive glasses typically used?
In bone grafts and coatings for metallic prostheses.
Why is hydroxyapatite used in implants?
It mimics bone composition and enhances osseointegration.
What are the two types of polymers used in biomedical applications?
Natural polymers (e.g., collagen, silk) and synthetic polymers.
Give examples of biodegradable synthetic polymers.
PLA (polylactic acid) and PCL (polycaprolactone).
What are non-biodegradable synthetic polymers used in implants?
PMMA, PET, PEEK.
What are some challenges with biodegradable polymers?
Acidic byproducts during degradation can cause inflammation.
What are some applications of polymers in biomedicine?
Tissue engineering scaffolds, wound healing materials, and drug delivery systems.
What are the key properties of composites in biomedical applications?
Customization, improved stiffness, fatigue resistance, biocompatibility.
What is an advantage of composites over pure materials?
They can combine properties of different materials to meet specific needs.
What are examples of composite applications in biomedicine?
Orthopedic implants, soft tissue replacements, and cardiovascular structures.
What are examples of fiber types used in composites?
Short fiber reinforcement and long fiber reinforcement.
What are the characteristics of short-fiber composites?
Random orientation, moderate strength, easier to process.
What are the characteristics of long-fiber composites?
Higher strength, better load transfer, improved toughness.
What mechanical tests are used for dental implants?
Dynamic loading tests.
