CompTIA A+ 1101 - 4.0 Virtualization & Cloud Computing

Question 1

Virtualization

Answer 1

Software that allows a host computer to run multiple guest operating systems known as Virtual Machines

Question 2

HyperVisor / VMM

Answer 2

Virtual Machine Management

Software that creates, runs and manages guest VM’s on a host machine.

Question 3

Client-side Virtualization

Answer 3

Any solution designed to be run on desktops or workstations, allowing users to interact with the virtualization host directly.

Virtual Labs; supporting legacy software; Developing Environments; Training

Question 4

Server-side Virtualization

Answer 4

A solution where one or more virtual servers are created on a physical server, acting independently like separate machines.

Type-2 Hypervisor

Question 5

Application Virtualization

Answer 5

Install software to server and stream to clients

Question 6

Container Virtualization

Answer 6

Run apps within an isolated virtual workspace

Question 7

Type-2 HyperVisor

Answer 7

A host-based hypervisor in which you install the host operating system first, then the hypervisor.

Eg; Oracle Virtual Box, VMware Workstation

Hardware -> OS -> Hypervisor -> Guest OS

Question 8

Type-1 HyperVisor

Answer 8

A bare-metal hypervisor that you install directly onto the servers hardware.

Eg; VMware ESXi, Citrix XenServer, Microsoft Hyper-V, Linux KVM

Hardware -> Hypervisor - OS

Question 9

SLAT

Answer 9

Second-level Address Translation (SLAT) is a hardware virtualization technology that reduces hypervisor overhead, allowing for greater utilization of hardware resources for the VM

Intel - EPT
AMD - RVI

Question 10

CPU Manufacturers Instruction Sets for Virtualization

Answer 10

Intel - VT-x

AMD - AMD-v

Question 11

Systematic Multi-Processing

Answer 11

SMP

When you have more than one physical processor for use in an industrial server, to accomodate VM’s

Question 12

Rogue VM

Answer 12

A virtual machine that has been installed without authorization.

Question 13

VM Sprawl

Answer 13

The uncontrolled development of more and more virtual machines.

Question 14

MTBF

Answer 14

Mean Time Between Failure

A rating on a device or component that predicts the expected time between failures.

Question 15

VM Escaping

Answer 15

An instance of malware that can jump to either the Host or another guest OS.

Question 16

Cloud Computing Components

Answer 16

Resource Allocation
Rapid Elasticity
Resource Pooling
On-demand Self-service
Measured Service

Question 17

Rapid Elasticity

Answer 17

Refers to the systems ability to handle changes in demand in real-time.

Question 18

Measured Service

Answer 18

A providers (Microsoft, Amazon etc) ability to control and bill a customers use of resources.

Question 19

Common Cloud Models

Answer 19

Private Cloud (On-Premise, hosted by companies themselves)

Public Cloud (Azure, AWS.. You share the providers resources with other companies)

Community Cloud (Where multiple tenants share a private pool of resources; Dentists of America etc)

Hybrid Cloud (Private/Public combined)

Question 20

IaaS

Answer 20

Infrastructure as a Service

A cloud model wherein the client makes use of a providers hardware to establish their own virtual network, spinning up servers/data centres etc.

Eg; Microsoft Azure, AWS, GoDaddy, WordPress

Question 21

SaaS

Answer 21

Software as a Service

A cloud model wherein the client makes use of a providers software for use in their enterprise environment

Eg; Office 365, DropBox, Gmail, SalesForce

Question 22

PaaS

Answer 22

Platform as a Service

A cloud model wherein the client utilizes fully pre-configured systems from the provider, and passes the maintenance responsiblities to the provider.

Eg; Microsoft Azure, AWS

Question 23

IaaS Components

Answer 23

Server, Storage, Network.

Used by Infrastructure Architects

Question 24

SaaS Components

Answer 24

Server, Storage, Network, OS & Middleware, Packaged Software

Used by End-Users

Question 25

PaaS Components

Answer 25

Server, Storage, Network, OS & Middleware Used by Software Developers

Question 26

Cloud Providers

Answer 26

Microsoft Azure AWS Google Cloud IBM Cloud Oracle Cloud Infrastructure

Question 27

VDI

Answer 27

Virtual Desktop Infrastructure Using a VM as a way to provision and manage corporate desktops

Question 28

VDE

Answer 28

Virtual Desktop Environment The virtual desktop/workspace used by end-users

Question 29

Thin Client

Answer 29

Low-spec PC intended for remote access to a VM for use by employees / end users

Question 30

Application Virtualization

Answer 30

Instead of running the entire end-user desktop in a VM, they access an application hosted on a server or stream the app.

Question 31

Virtual Application Streaming

Answer 31

Just enough of the program is installed on the end-user device to utilize both the external hardware, and the desktops own.

Question 32

Container Virtualization

Answer 32

Enforces separation at the application & resource use level by creating separate instances of OS's for use by end-users.

Question 33

SDN

Answer 33

Software Defined Networking A software based network environment that can imitate hardware networks in a virtual infrastructure. Utilizes Data & Control planes to virtualise NAT, packet analysis etc...

Question 34

Planes of Operation in Network Devices (Routers, Switches etc...)

Answer 34

Data, Control & Management

Question 35

Application Layer / Management Plane

Answer 35

- Configure and manage the device - SSH, API, Browser...

Question 36

Control Layer / Control Plane

Answer 36

The part of a network that controls how data is forwarded, while the data plane or forwarding plane is the actual forwarding process. - Manages the actions of the Infrastructure Layer / Data Plane - Routing tables, session tables, NAT - Used in SDN (Software Defined Networking)

Question 37

Control Layer / Control Plane

Answer 37

The part of a network that controls how data is forwarded, while the data plane or forwarding plane is the actual forwarding process. - Manages the actions of the Infrastructure Layer / Data Plane - Routing tables, session tables, NAT - Dynamic routing protocol updates - Part of Software Defined Networking (SDN)

Question 38

Infrastructure Layer / Data Plane

Answer 38

The infrastructure layer enables a software system to interact with external systems by receiving, storing and providing data when requested. - Processes the network frames & packets - Forwarding, trunking, encryption & NAT - Part of SDN (Software Defined Networking)