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CompTIA A+ Core 1 > CompTIA A+ Core 1 > Flashcards

CompTIA A+ Core 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does CD-RW / CD-ROM / DVD-RW / DVD-ROM stand for?

A

CD-RW: Compact disc - rewritable
CD-ROM: Compact disc - read only memory
DVD-RW: DVD-rewritable
DVD-ROM: DVD-read only memory

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2
Q

If a laptop does not have a built-in smart card reader, what do you do?

A

Use an external smart card reader (USB device)

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3
Q

What is a SSHD and SSD?

What is there purpose?

A

Solid State Drive & Solid State Hybrid Drive

They are used in laptop devices - the SSD caches the hard drive date

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4
Q

Difference between single channel memory and dual channel memory?

A

Single Channel = 64 bit

Dual Channel = 128 bit

The difference is how much data can be transferred in one transaction

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5
Q

What is SO-DIMM and MICRO-DIMM?

What are they used for?

A

SO-DIMM: Single Outline-Dual Inline Memory Module
MICRO-DIMM: Micro-Dual Inline Memory Module

They are laptop and mobile device RAM (random access memory)

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6
Q

What is IEEE 802.11 / W-WAN / W-PAN

A

IEEE 802.11
Used to implement Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN aka Wi-Fi)

W-WAN
Wireless Wide Area Network (Cellular connection)

W-PAN
Wireless Personal Area Network (Bluetooth)

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7
Q

What are the mini-PCI and mini-PCIE?

A

Both are expansion buses which are input/output pathways from the CPU to the peripheral devices

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8
Q

What is an LCD?

What happens if you were to change the resolution on an LCD screen?

A

Liquid Crystal Displays

Changes to the native resolution could result in a blurry display (not as crisp)

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9
Q

What is a DC jack?

What happens if a DC jack becomes inoperable?

A

Electrical connector for supplying direct current power

The laptop would have to be disassembled in order to remove the old jack, and replace with a new one.

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10
Q

True or False: DC jacks are manufacturer specific

A

True

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11
Q

What battery is most common in powering a laptop?

A

Lithium-ion

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12
Q

Do laptop batteries have a shelf life?

A

Yes. After a set usage, laptop batteries typically need to be replaced

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13
Q

True or False: Laptop batteries have different form factors

A

True - this is manufacturer specific

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14
Q

What is a system board?

If the system board is damaged, how do you resolve the issue?

A

A system board is also known as a motherboard. It houses a majority of components.

If a system board has damage, your only option is to replacing it and reseating all components

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15
Q

What is a CPU?

What are some integrated features?

Is the CPU upgradeable?

A

A CPU is the brain of the computer

Some integrated features are the memory controller and video controller

No, the CPU is replaceable, not upgradeable

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16
Q

True or False: Laptop CPU’s tend to be slower than desktop CPU’s

A

True

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17
Q

What are the advantages of an LCD display

A

Lightweight
Relatively low power
Relatively inexpensive

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18
Q

What are some disadvantages of an LCD

A

Black levels are a challenge
Requires a separate backlight
Difficult to replace

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19
Q

What does OLED stand for?

A

Organic Light Emitting Diode

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20
Q

Describe OLED

A

Organic compound that emits light when receiving an electric current

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21
Q

Pro’s and con’s of OLED

A

Pro’s: Thinner and lighter / no backlight due to organic compound

Con’s: Not quite ready for laptops / organic materials degrade over time / decayed images can remain on the screen / expensive and power hungry

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22
Q

What is CCFL?

Legacy or modern?

A

Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps

Legacy

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23
Q

If an LCD display goes out, how would you fix it?

A

Determine if the LCD inverter is bad. If it is, you would have to replace it.

If the LCD inverter is not bad, the display would need to be replaced

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24
Q

What is a mobile communication hub?

A

Cell phones

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25
Q

What does GPS stand for?

A

Global Positioning System

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26
Q

What is tethering?

A

Physically connecting your a device to your phone in order to receive 802.11 on the plugged in device

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27
Q

What is a hotspot?

A

Abilitiy to extend 802.11 from a cellular device to a separate device through cellular frequencies

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28
Q

What is NFC and what is it used for?

Give examples

A

NFC = Near Field Communication”
It is used to send small amounts of data wirelessly over a limited area.

Ex: Using your mobile device at cashout, sharing contact information, using it for bus or train tokens

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29
Q

What is IR communications and what is its purpose?

Hint - sending files to a printer

A

IR = infrared communications

Uses infrared beams to send data transmissions between devices

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30
Q

What is a PRL (preferred roaming list) and how is it updated?

A

PRL = Preferred roaming list

Allows your phone to connect to the right tower and can be updated over the air

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31
Q

What are the product released instructions used for

A

PRI = Product Release Instructions

Tells your phone how to use the wireless network and updates over the air (OTA)

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32
Q

What does IMEI stand for?

A

IMEI = International Mobile-Station Equipment Identity

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33
Q

What is an IMEI?

A

Identifies a physical mobile device - every phone has a different IMEI

*Can be used to allow or disallow access

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34
Q

What does IMSI stand for?

A

IMSI = International Mobile Subscriber Identity

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35
Q

What is the purpose of IMSI?

A

Identifies the user of a mobile network

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36
Q

What does VPN stand for?

What is the purpose of a VPN?

A

VPN = Virtual Private Network

Creates secure communicaton

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37
Q

How do we retrieve email on a mobile device?

A

Mail is typically recieved through POP3 or IMAP configuration

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38
Q

What is POP3 and IMAP?

A

POP3 is a protocol for receiving email by downloading it to your computer (stored to a device)

IMAP allows you to access your email wherever you are from any device (not stored to a device)

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39
Q

What does POP3 and IMAP stand for?

A

POP3 - Post Office Protocol

IMAP - Internet Mail Access Protocol

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40
Q

How are emails sent?

A

Emails are sent from SMTP

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41
Q

What is SMTP and what does it stand for?

A

SMTP = Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Application used by mail servers to send, receive and/or relay outgoing mail between email senders and receivers.

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42
Q

Port # for POP3

A

110

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43
Q

Port # for SMTP

A

25

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44
Q

Port # for IMAP

A

143

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45
Q

Port # for HTTP

A

443

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46
Q

Port # for telnet

A

23

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47
Q

What is an enterprise email?

A

Typically an email used for business email addresses. Contains more than just email such as contacts, calendars, reminders

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48
Q

What is S/MIME and what is it?

A

Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions

It is a integrated message encryption used to encrypt or digitally sign

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49
Q

Which email providers support IMAP and POP3?

A

Gmail, Exchange online, icloud mail, yahoo mail

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50
Q

Give a brief description of data synchronization

A

Used amongst many different devices / allows access to anything from anywhere such as email, calendar, apps / ability to authenticate data

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51
Q

Give a brief description of cloud synchronization

A

Used on different operating systems such as android and cloud / syncs data to particular accounts such as apple or google

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52
Q

Give a brief description of a desktop synchronization

A

Requires an operating system such as mac or windows and disk space / does not require a lot of desktop storage / require maximum storage space on the device being backed up

53
Q

Give a brief description of automobile synchronization

A

Ability to connect to our automobiles over Bluetooth / displays maps, phones calls, music / Operating systems such as Carplay and Android Auto

54
Q

What is IP and what does it do?

A

IP = Internet Protocol

an IP is how computers on the internet recognize one another

55
Q

What is TCP used for and what does it stand for?

A

TCP allows data to be transferred between applications and devices on a network. (enables application programs and computer devices to exchange messages over a network)

TCP - Transmission Control Protocol

56
Q

What is UDP and what is its purpose?

A

UDP = User Data Protocol

Protocol used for communication throughout the internet

57
Q

True or False: UDP is a reliable delivery protocol

A

False

58
Q

What is encapsulation?

Give an example

A

Bundling data into a single unit.

A capsule mixed with several medicines.

59
Q

Difference between TCP and UDP

A

The main difference is speed - TCP is relatively slower than UDP

UDP = a connectionless protocol
TCP = connection-oriented protocol
60
Q

What is multiplexing and how is it used

A

Process in which multiple signals coming from multiple sources are combined and transmitted over a single communication/physical line

61
Q

Describe the TCP protocol

A
  • Connection-oriented (formal connection setup and close)

Ex: making a phone call - type in the number / press call / have a discussion / end conversation

Contains flow control - station a & b always communicate. Once station b receives information, it always tells station a that the information is recieved

62
Q

Describe the UDP protocol

A

Connectionless - does not require formal open or close

Station A only communicates to UDP

Can be considered unreliable because there is no mutual communication

63
Q

How is data transferred from one location to another?

A

Data is transferred via IP addresses. Every computer has an IP address.

IP addresses identify data by port numbers in order to send data where it is required

64
Q

Difference between non-ephemeral and ephemeral ports

A

Non-ephemeral = ports that are permanent (on a server or service)

Ephemeral = temporary communication hub for Internet Protocol communications (determined in real-time by the client)

65
Q

What are the ranges for TCP and UDP ports

A

65,535

66
Q

Are port numbers used for communication or security?

A

Communication

67
Q

True or False:

TCPand UDP port numbers are the same

A

False

68
Q

What is FTP and what does it do?

A

FTP = File Transfer Protocol

Transfers files between systems

69
Q

What is an SSH (Secure Shell)

A

Allow two computers to communiate & provides secure encrypted communication between untrusted hosts

70
Q

What is Telnet (Telecommunicatin Networtk)

A

Alllows users to test connectivity to remote machines and issue commands through the use of a keyboard

71
Q

What is DNS (Domain Name System?

A

Converts names to IP addresses

72
Q

Difference between HTTP and HTTPs

A 
HTTP = Web server communication
HTTPS = Web server communication with encryption
73
Q

What does RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)?

A

Shares a desktop from a remote location over tcp/3389

74
Q

What does netBIOS do?

A

Used to identify network devices over TCP/IP

75
Q

What is SMB (Service Member Block) and AFP (Apple Filing Protocol) purpose?

A

Protocol used by Microsoft to file share, printer share, etc

Same thing but for apple devices

76
Q

Describe DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

A

Automated configuration of IP address, subnet mask, and other options

77
Q

Purpose of SNMP (simple network management protocol)

A

Gathers statistics from network devices

78
Q

Describe a NIC (Network Interface Card)

A

An interface card that connects devices to a network.

79
Q

What is a hub?

A

Broadcasts data to every computer or ethernet based device connected to it

80
Q

Difference between half-duplex and full-duplex

A

Half-duplex can only transmit in one direction at a time

Full-duplex supports bidirectional data transmissions at the same time

81
Q

Connects different physical networks and distributes traffic on MAC address

A

Bridge

82
Q

Connects devices in a network and use packet switching to send, receive or forward data packets or data frames over the network

  • Forwards traffic based on data link address
A

Switch

83
Q

Managed vs unmanaged switches

A

Managed = enables better control of networks and data frames moving through them

Unmanaged = have no concept of virtual LAN’s - MAC tables are used to learn IP addresses used frequently in order to be able to access IP addresses quicker next time

84
Q

A segmented pieces of a larger network

A

Subnet

85
Q

A device that is a wireless router and a WAP in a single device

A

WAP (Wireless Access Point)

86
Q

Device that receives signal, regenerates, and resends it

A

Repeater

87
Q

Are hubs full or half-duplex?

A

Half-duplex

88
Q

What does ACPI stand for?

A

Advanced configuration and power interface

89
Q

Routes traffic between IP subnets

A

Router

90
Q

What layer is firewalls

A

OSI Layer 4

91
Q

What is a DSL modem?

A

Digital Subscriber Line - provides access to the internet through telephone lines and a modem

92
Q

What are patch panels

A

Combination of punch-down blocks

RJ-45 connectors run from desks

93
Q

Explain DOCSIS

A

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification - basically data on the ‘cable’ network; cable modem

94
Q

What is a pro of ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subcriber Line) modem?

A

Download speeds are faster than the upload speed

*the closer you are to the ADSL modem, the better your upstream and downstream is

95
Q

What is PoE

A

Power over Ethernet - one wire for electricity and network

96
Q

What is EoP

A

Ethernet over Power - reverse of PoE

97
Q

Purpose of a SOHO

A

Small office home office - a device used to connect multiple machines

Modem, router, switch, wireless, etc

98
Q

Allows you to route between your internal private network and the external internet network

A

SOHO router`

99
Q

How are IP addresses assigned`

A

Through the DHCP (dynamic) and/or statically (manual)

100
Q

Half vs. Full duplex

A

Half - only allows one transaction at a time

Full - allows communication to and from devices simultaneously

101
Q

NIC configuration

A

Network Interface Card - established communication between computers

102
Q

IoT configurations

A

Internet of Things - Home automations such as door locks, thermostat, light switches

103
Q

Enables one unique IP address to represent an entire group of computers

A

Network Address Translation (NAT)

104
Q

Used to initiate connection to a machine that is behind a firewall or NAT router

A

Port forwarding

105
Q

Allows network devices to automatically configure and find other devices

A

UPnP (Universal Plug and Play

106
Q

Whitelisting vs. Blacklisting

A

Whitelist - Nothing passes through the firewall until it is approved

Blacklist - Nothing on this list is allowed

107
Q

MAC filtering

A

Allows you to whitelist and blacklist PC’s to access your network ports

108
Q

Highest possible encryption

A

WPA2

109
Q

Prioritizes applications based on importance

A

QoS (Quality of Service)

110
Q

Ability to send many streams of traffic across the same frequencies to increase the total amount of throughput on an 802.11 network

A

MIMO

111
Q

Ability to have 8 separate MIMO streams going to multiple devices on the network, all at the same time

A

MU-MIMO

112
Q

Port numbers for FTP (file transfer protocol)

A

TCP/20 - active mode and TCP/21(control)

113
Q

Secure shell port number

A

Encrypted - TCP/22

114
Q

Telnet Port number

A

TCP/23

115
Q

 DNS port number

A

UDP/53

116
Q

RDP – remote desktop protocol port number

A

TCP/3389

117
Q

Used by Microsoft Windows - file sharing, printer sharing

A

Server Message Block

118
Q

NetBIOS port numbers

A

UDP/137 - Name services
UDP/138 - datagram service
TCP/139 - session service

119
Q

Apple File Protocol (AFP) port number

A

tcp/548

120
Q

What is DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

A

Automatically configures Ip addresses, subnet masks and other options.

121
Q

Dynamic vs. Static

A

Dynamic - automatically

Statically- manually

122
Q

Gathers statistics from network devices

A

SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol

123
Q

DHCP Port numbers

A

UDP/67

UDP/68

124
Q

What devices have a NIC

A

Computers, servers, printers, routers, switches, phones, tablets, cameras, etc.

125
Q

Receive signal, regenerate, resend

A

Common use: Convert one network media to another, Extend wireless network reach

126
Q

Multi-port repeater

Traffic going in one port is repeated to every other port

*half-duplex

A

Hub

127
Q

All in one device - modem, router, switch, wireless AP, firewall, etc.

A

SOHO router

128
Q

How does a firewall and DMZ work together?

A

Firewall ensures no external device can connect to the network - DMZ enables unrestricted access within a firewall

129
Q

A way to map multiple local private addresses to a public one before transferring the information

A

Network Address Translation (NAT)

CompTIA A+ Core 1 (1 decks)

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