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Advance Productivity Tools > Computer Components > Flashcards

Computer Components Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

It executes instructions from software and hardware.

A

Processor

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2
Q

It is the primary memory for data transfer between the CPU and storage

A

Memory

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3
Q

It is the part that connects all other parts or components of a computer.

A

Motherboard

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4
Q

It permanently stores the data, e.g., hard drive.

A

Storage Device

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5
Q

It allows you to communicate with the computer or to input data, e.g., a keyboard.

A

Input Device

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6
Q

It enables you to see the output, e.g., monitor.

A

Output Device

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7
Q

What are the basic parts without which a computer cannot function?

A

Processor
Memory
Motherboard
Storage Device
Input Device
Output Device

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8
Q

Brain of the computer. Executes instructions from hardware & software. Stores programs (OS, apps). Enables I/O communication. Installed in CPU socket on motherboard.

A

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

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9
Q

Circuitry in the control unit, which makes use of electircal signals. Fetches, decodes, executes instructions. Controls all parts, manages info flow. Doesn’t process/store data.

A

Control Unit

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10
Q

Performs arithmetic (add, subtract, etc.) & logical (compare, select) functions. Can have multiple ALUs. Maintains timers.

A

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

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11
Q

Random Access Memory (RAM). Temporarily stores data, programs, results. Temporary storage for running the computer.

A

Memory/Storage Unit/Registers

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12
Q

What are the Three Components of CPU?

A

Control Unit
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
Memory/Storage Unit/Registers

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13
Q

Instructions processed per second. Measured in GHz. 4.0 GHz = 4 billion instructions/second.

A

CPU Clock Speed

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14
Q

One core. Older type. One operation at a time, switches between tasks. Not ideal for multitasking. Performance depends on clock speed.

A

Single Core CPU

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15
Q

Two cores in one IC. Each core has controller/cache. Faster than single-core, better multitasking.

A

Dual Core CPU

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16
Q

Two dual-core processors in one IC. Four independent cores. Runs multiple instructions simultaneously. Increased speed for parallel processing.

A

Quad Core CPU

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17
Q

Four cores running in parallel on one chip. High performance without boosting clock speed. Performance increases with multiprocessing-supported software.

A

Octa Core CPU

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18
Q

History of CPU

A

1823 - Baron Jons Jackob Berzelius (silicon)
1903 - Nikola Tesla . . . electrical logic circuits
1947 - John Bardeen, William Shockley, Walter Brattain
1958 - (IC) Robert Noyce and Jack Kilby
1960 - first mass production facility for transistor
1968 - Robert Noyce and Mooce
1969 - Advance Micro Devices (AMD)
1971 - Ted Hoff
1972 - Intel 8008
1979 - 16/32 bit processor - Apple Macintosh and Amiga Computers
1987 - SPARC Processor
1991 - AM386 Microprocessor
1993 - Pentium Processor
1999 - Celeron 366
2005 - first dual core processor
2006 - Core 2 Duo
2007 - Core 2 Quad
2008 - Z5xx series
2009 - Core i5
2010 - Core i7
2017 - Core i9 desktop
2018 - Core i9 mobile

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19
Q

Physical components of a computer system. Necessary for software use. Includes connected devices.

A

Hardware (HW)

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20
Q

New/replacement/additional hardware to improve performance. Ex: RAM upgrade, video card upgrade.

A

Hardware Upgrade

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21
Q

Thin circuit board. Holds crucial hardware (CPU, memory, hard drive). Powers and enables communication between components.

A

Motherboard

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22
Q

Connects CPU to motherboard. Facilitates CPU use, prevents damage during installation/removal. Has lock (prevents movement) and heat sink (dissipates heat).

A

CPU Slot

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23
Q

Memory slot/socket for installing RAM (Random Access Memory). Motherboards have multiple RAM slots.

A

RAM Slot

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24
Q

Also called bus slot/expansion port. Connects hardware expansion cards (e.g., video card). Examples: AGP, AMR, CNR, PCI.

A

Expansion Slot

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25
Two conductive plates with insulator between, wrapped in plastic. Stores electrical energy.
Capacitor
26
Electromagnetic coil (conducting wire around iron core). Stores magnetic energy.
Inductor (Coil)
27
Integrated circuit. Enables communication between CPU, AGP, and memory. Connects southbridge to RAM, CPU, and graphics.
Northbridge
28
Connects hardware devices (mouse, keyboard, etc.).
USB Port
29
Connects PCI devices (modems, network hardware, sound/video cards).
PCI Slot (Peripheral Component Interconnect)
30
Connects graphics cards.
AGP Slot (Accelerated Graphics Port)
31
Absorbs and dissipates heat from the CPU.
Heat Sink
32
Supplies power to the motherboard.
Power Connector
33
Memory that stores BIOS settings (time, date, hardware).
CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)
34
What are the Components of a Motherboard?
CPU slot RAM slot Expansion slot Capacitors Inductors Northbridge USB port PCI Slot AGP Slot Heat sink Power connector CMOS
35
Display unit. Shows processed data (text, images). Also called VDU (Visual Display Unit)
Monitor
36
It has cathode ray tubes which produce images in the form of video signals. Its main components are electron gun assembly, deflection plate assembly, glass envelope, fluorescent screen, and base.
CRT Monitor
37
It is a flat panel screen. It uses liquid crystal display technology to produce images on the screen. Advanced LEDs have thin-film transistors with capacitors and use active-matrix technology, which allows pixels to retain their charge.
LCD Monitor
38
It is an advanced version of an LCD monitor. Unlike an LCD monitor, which uses cold cathode fluorescent light to backlight the display, it has LED panels, each of which has lots of LEDs to display the backlight.
LED Monitor
39
It uses plasma display technology that allows it to produce high resolutions of up to 1920 X 1080, wide viewing angle, a high refresh rate, outstanding contrast ration, and more.
Plasma Monitor
40
What are the Types of Monitors?
CRT Monitor LCD Monitor LED Monitor Plasma Monitor
41
Input device for text, characters, commands.
Keyboard
42
What are the Types of Keyboards?
QWERTY Keyboards AZERTY Keyboards DVORAK Keyboards
43
Handheld device to control pointer (cursor) in GUI.
Mouse
44
It is the main function of the mouse
Move the cursor
45
It allows you to open a folder or document and execute a program. You are required to take the cursor on the folder and double click it to open it.
Open or execute a program
46
It allows you to select text, file, or any other object
Select
47
It is an act of moving the mouse cursor over a clickable object.
Hovering
48
It allows you to scroll up or down while viewing a long webpage or document.
Scroll
49
What are the Main Functions of a Mouse?
Move the cursor Open or execute a program Select Hovering Scroll
50
A mouse is provided with ___ _______ for right click and left click.
Two buttons
51
A wheel located between the right and left buttons, which is used to scroll up and down and Zoom in and Zoom out in some applications like AutoCAD.
Scroll Wheel
52
A _______ is required in a wireless mouse
Battery
53
A mouse can have a trackball or an optical sensor to provide signals to the computer about the motion and location of the mouse.
Motion Detection Assembly
54
What are the Parts of a Mouse?
Two buttons Scroll Wheel Battery Motion Detection Assembly
55
Set of programs enabling hardware to perform tasks. Three types: system, application, programming.
Software (SW/S/W)
56
Main software, runs the computer. Activates hardware, controls functions. Manages application programs. Ex: Operating systems.
System Software
57
Interface between user and computer. Manages hardware/software. Ex: Windows, Linux, macOS.
Operating System
58
System software stored in ROM (or flash memory). First software activated on startup. Loads hard disk drivers and helps OS load into memory.
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)
59
Loaded into memory and executed when computer starts. BIOS contains basic commands for input/output instructions to start the computer.
Boot Program
60
Converts basic computer instructions into bit patterns that the processor uses for operations.
An Assembler
61
System software that controls connected hardware. Provides interface for computer to use hardware. OS usually includes many drivers. May need to be installed separately.
A Device Driver
62
Examples of System Software:
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) Boot Program An Assembler A Device Driver
63
Programs for specific tasks. Not essential for computer operation. Easily installed/uninstalled. Ex: Microsoft Office, Adobe Photoshop.
Application Software
64
Creates, edits, formats, and manipulates text. Offers options for documents, images, etc. Ex: MS Word, WordPad, Notepad.
Word Processing Software
65
Performs calculations, stores data, creates charts. Uses rows and columns (cells). Ex: Microsoft Excel.
Spreadsheet Software
66
Edits video, audio, text. Combines text, video, audio, images. Enhances documents with photos, animations, graphics. Ex: VLC, Windows Media Player.
Multimedia Software
67
For business operations in large organizations. Used for accounting, billing, order processing. Ex: CRM (Customer Relationship Management), BI (Business Intelligence).
Enterprise Software
68
What are the Different Types of Application Software?
Word Processing Software Spreadsheet Software Multimedia Software Enterprise Software
69
Tools for developers to write other software. Translates programming languages to machine code. Ex: Compilers, debuggers, text editors.
Programming Software
70
It is a java language editor.
Eclipse
71
It is a programming language editor for Mac.
Coda
72
It is an open-source editor for windows.
Notepad++
73
It is a cross-platform code editor for Linux, Mac, and Windows.
Sublime text
74
Examples of Programming Software:
Eclipse Coda Notepad++ Sublime text

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