computer graphics software

Question 1

represent images as bitmaps; they are stored as pixels and can become a bit distorted when they are manipulated. The density of dots, known as resolution and expressed in dots per inch, determines how sharp the image is.

Answer 1

Bitmapped graphics

Question 2

represent images as mathematical formulae, so they can be changed or scaled without losing quality. They are ideal for high-resolution output.

Answer 2

vector graphics

Question 3

let you edit your favourite images. For example, you can scan a picture into your PC or transfer a photo from your camera and then add different effects, or filters.

Answer 3

image manipulation programs

Question 4

, also called illustration packages, offer facilities for freehand drawing, with a wide choice of pens and brushes, colours and patterns. One example is Windows Paint.

Answer 4

painting and drawing programs

Question 5

, also called presentation software, let you create pie charts, bar charts and line graphics of all kinds for slide shows and reports. You can import data from a database or spreadsheet to generate the graphs.

Answer 5

business graphics programs

Question 6

is used by engineers and architects to design everything from cars and planes to buildings and furniture. First they make a wireframe, a drawing with edges with edges and contour lines. Then if they want to colour the objects and add texture, they create a surface for the object; this is called ‘filling the surface’. Finally, the design is rendered to make the object look realistic. Rendering is a process that adds realism to graphics by using shading, light sources and reflections.

Answer 6

Computer-aided design (CAD)

Question 7

is based around a page layout program, which lets you import text from a word processor, clip-art (ready-made pictures) from graphics packages, and images from scanners or cameras, and arrange them all on a page. It is used to design and publish books, newspapers, posters, advertisements, etc.

Answer 7

Desktop publishing (DTP)

Question 8

, or computer art, is done with applets that use mathematical formulae to create beautiful bright shapes called fractals. A fractal is a geometrical figure with special properties. Fractals can also be used to model real objects like clouds, coastlines or landscapes.

Answer 8

Digital art

Question 9

uses graphic programs (e.g. digital cartooning systems) to create or edit moving pictures. Each image in a sequence of images is called ‘frame’.

Answer 9

computer animation

Question 10

allow cartographers to create detailed maps.

Answer 10

geographical information systems (GIS)