Computer Midterm Flashcards
(303 cards)
1
Q
allergen
A
substance that produces a hypersensitivity reaction
2
Q
atopic
A
type of allergic reaction for which there is a genetic predisposition
3
Q
biopsy
A
procedure in which a representative sample of tissue is obtained for microscopic examination
4
Q
Chemical peel
A
destruction of superficial layers of the skin using a chemical application in order to remove scars, tattoos, or abnormal pigmentation.
5
Q
cryosurgery
A
surgery with cold probes to destroy cancerous tissues
6
Q
dermabrasion
A
procedure in which outer layers of the skin are removed by abrasion with a wire brush or other device.
7
Q
dermaplaning
A
procedure in which a dermatone is used to skim off surface layers of the skin to remove scars, tattoos, and fine wrinkles.
8
Q
dermatome
A
band or region of the skin supplied by a single sensory nerve
9
Q
diascopy
A
procedure in which a glass plate is held against the skin to observe changes related to pressure application
10
Q
electrodesication
A
destructive drying of cells by applying electrical energy
11
Q
erythema
A
redness of the skin
12
Q
laser resurfacing
A
use of short pulses of light to treat some skin conditions
13
Q
melanocyte
A
melanin - forming skin cell
14
Q
microdermabrasion
A
gentle abrasion of the skin to reduce fine lines, age spots and acne scars and stimulate growth of new skin cells and collagen.
15
Q
patch test
A
skin test of which a low concentration of a presumed allergen is applied to the skin beneath an occlusive dressing to see if a reaction occurs.
16
Q
pruritus
A
feeling of itchiness
17
Q
radioallergosorbent test
A
blood test for allergy that measures small quantities of immunoglobulin E in blood
18
Q
scratch test
A
test in which a dilution of a potential allergen is placed in a lightly scratched area of the skin
19
Q
adipoid
A
resembling fat
20
Q
lipoma
A
tumor of fat
21
Q
albinism
A
condition of (being) white
22
Q
leukorrhea
A
white flow or discharge
23
Q
cutaneous
A
pertaining to the skin
24
Q
dermatologist
A
specialist in the study of skin
25
dermaplasty
surgical repair of the skin
26
cyanosis
abnormal condition of blue (color)
27
cytology
study of cells
28
erythematous
pertaining to red
29
erythrocyte
red (blood) cell
30
melanoma
tumor that is black in appearance
31
mycosis
abnormal condition of fungus
32
necrosis
abnormal condition of dead (tissue)
33
onychomalacia
softening of the nail
34
pilophobia
fear of hair
35
trichopathy
disease of the hair
36
sclerosis
abnormal condition of hardening
37
xeroderma
dry skin
38
xanthoderma
yellow skin
39
epidermis
above the dermis
40
subcutaneous
pertaining to beneath the skin
41
neoplasm
new growth
42
adipocyte
fat cell
43
cyanoderma
blue skin
44
abrasion
scraping away of the skin or mucus membrane
45
dysplasia
bad (abnormal) growth
46
acne
inflammatory disease of subcutaneous follicles common in adolescence that is marked by comedones, papules, and pustules
47
actinic keratosis
rough, precancerous macule or papule caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet light
48
albinism
genetic partial or total absence of pigment in the skin, hair,and eyes
49
alopecia
absence of hair loss, particularly on the head
50
basal cell carcinoma
most common type of skin cancer, which usually begins as a small, shiny papule and eventually enlarges to form a whitish border around a central depression or ulcer that may bleed.
51
carbuncle
skin abscess created by the merger of two or more furuncles (boils)
52
cellulitis
spreading bacterial infection of the skin an subcutaneous tissue
53
comedo
small skin lesions of acne vulgaris, commonly called blackhead or whitehead, depending on the color
54
corn
thickening of keratinized skin caused by pressure or friction
55
cyst
closed sack or pouch on or under the skin that contains fluid, solid, or semisolid material
56
ecchymosis
discoloration of the skin;
| also called bruise or contusion
57
eczema
general term fro pruritic, red rash that weeps and may become crusted, thickened or scaly.
58
edema
when localized or generalized tissue contains excessive fluid
59
folliculitis
inflammation (and sometimes infection) of hair follicles
60
furuncle
skin abscess;
| also called boil
61
hemangioma
a dull red, benign lesion present from birth or appearing within 2 or 3 months;
sometimes called strawberry nevus
62
herpes simplex virus type 1
| HSV- 1
Virus that causes a lesion on the lips
63
herpes simplex virus type 2
| HSV- 2
virus that commonly causes lesions on the genitals
64
herpes zoster
reactivation of the varicella virus, years after an initial infection with chickenpox, that is marked by a painful, vesicular rash along the associated dermatone;
also called shingles
65
impetigo
contagious bacterial infection of the skin caused by streptococci or staphylococci that is marked by yellow to red weeping lesions that crusted or pustular
66
laceration
cut or tear in the flesh
67
lentigo
flat brown spot on the skin related to sun exposure, more commonly in elderly individuals;
commonly called liver spots although they are
not caused by liver disease
68
malignant melanoma
cancerous tumor of darkly pigmented skin cells that spread aggressively and has a high mortality rate
69
nevus
hyperpigmented area of the skin, such as a mole or birthmark
70
pediculosis
infestation with lice
71
petechia
tiny red or purple hemorrhagic spot on the skin
72
postherpetic neuralgia
persistent nerve pain from herpes infection that last for months after lesions disappear
73
psoriasis
noncontagious chronic skin disorder in which red scaly plaques with sharply defined borders appear on the body's surface
74
scabies
contagious infestation of the skin with the itch mite
75
seborrheic keratosis
benign, scaly skin growth that is yellow, gray, or brown and common in older adults
76
squamous cell carcinoma
form of skin cancer that develops in squamous tissue and grows more rapidly and spreads easily than basal carcinoma
77
tinea
fungal skin infection
78
verruca plantaris
wart that grows on the soles of the feet
79
verruca vulgaris
common wart
80
vitiligo
disorder that causes a patchy loss of skin pigmentation
81
Bx
biopsy
82
HSV- 1
herpes simplex virus type1
83
HSV - 2
Herpes simplex virus type 2
84
ID
intradermal (injection)
85
I&D
Incision and drainage
86
RAST
radioallergosorbent test
87
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
88
SubQ, subcu, or subq
subcutaneous
89
T
temperature
90
ung
ointment
91
affect
emotional state or mood
92
aura
subjective sensation that occurs prior to and signals the onset of a migraine headache or seizure
93
bradykinesia
extreme slowness in movement
94
brudzinski sign
patient response in which neck flexion causes flexion of the hips when the patient is lying in a supine position
95
central nervous system
nerve tissue that comprises of the brain and spinal cord
96
cerebral concussion
brief loss of consciousness or brief episode of disorientation or confusion following a head injury
97
cerebral contusion
injury involving bruising of brain tissue
98
contrecoup
rapid acceleration - deceleration injury of the brain that bruises the front and back of the brain
99
corpuscallosotomy
surgical procedure in which the central part of the brain is partially divided in two
100
embolic
caused by a moving mass in a blood vessel (embolus)
101
fasciculation
visible involuntary muscle twitching
102
fibrillation
spontaneous muscle contraction or quivering
103
homeostasis
state of equilibrium in the body
104
kernig sign
reflexive hamstring contraction and pain when attempting to extend the leg after flexing the hip
105
motor nerves
nerves involved in movement
106
myelin
layer of phospholipids and protein that forms the myelin sheath of neurons and acts as electrical insulation
107
neuron
nerve cell
108
neurotransmitter
chemical that plays an important role in nerve impulse transmission
109
nuchal rigidity
condition that involves pain an stiffness of the neck and a resulting reluctance to flex the head forward
110
parethesia
abnormal sensation
111
peripheral nervous system
portion of the nervous system outside the central nervous system that conveys sensory and motor impulses
112
sensory nerves
nerves that convey sensory information
113
spinal fusion
surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae
114
thrombotic
caused by a blood clot
115
transection
cutting
116
cerebrovascular
pertaining to the brain and vessels
117
encephalocele
herniation of the brain
118
glioma
gluelike tumor
119
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
120
meningioma
tumor of the meninges
121
myelography
process of recording activity in the spinal cord or bone marrow
122
neurocytoma
tumor of nerve cells
123
pinal
pertaining to the spine
124
aphasia
absence of speech
125
anesthesia
absence of sensation
126
dysphagia
painful or difficulty swallowing
127
hemiplegia
paralysis of half (of the body)
128
microcephaly
small head
129
polyneuritis
inflammation of many nerves
130
paraplegia
paralysis of two (legs)
131
quadriplegia
paralysis of four (legs)
132
neuralgia
nerve pain
133
meningomyelocele
herniation of the meninges and spinal cord
| spina bifida
134
meningeal
pertaining to the meninges
135
hyperesthesia
increased sensation
136
neurologist
specialist in the study of nerves
| nervous system disorders
137
neurology
study of nerves
| nervous system disorders
138
hemiparesis
slight or partial paralysis of half (of the body)
139
neuropathy
disease of the nerves
140
bleparoplegia
paralysis of the eye or eyes
141
blepharoptosis
drooping of the eyelid
142
atrophy
absence of growth
143
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
chronically progressive, degenerative neuromuscular disorder that destroys motor neurons of the body;
also called Lou Gehrig disease
144
bell palsy
disorder of the seventh cranial nerve that causes temporary weakness or paralysis of one side of the face
145
carpal tunnel syndrome
syndrome that is characterized by pain or numbness of the median nerve in the hand and forearm and caused by nerve compression and inflammation due to cumulative trauma from repetitive motion
146
encephalitis
disorder that involves inflammation of the brain
147
encephalomeningitis
disorder that is a combination of encephalitis and meningitis
148
epilepsy
chronic disorder of the brain marked by recurrent seizures, which are repetitive, abnormal electrical discharges within the brain
149
huntington chorea
hereditary nervous disorder that leads to bizzare, involuntary movements and dementia
150
meningitis
infection of the meninges, the spinal cord, and the cerebrospinal fluid, usually caused by an infectious illness
151
migraine headache
familial disorder marked by episodes of throbbing, severe headache that that is commonly unilateral and, sometimes, disabling
152
multiple sclerosis
chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, causing inflammation and degeneration of the myelin sheath that protects nerve fibers
153
parkinson disease
chronic, degenerative disease of the CNS that results in movement disorders and changes in cognition and mood
154
peripheral neuropathy
dysfunction of nerves that transmit information to and from the CNS with resulting pain, altered sensation,and muscle weakness
155
poliomyelitis
inflammation of the spinal cord caused by a virus, possibly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis
156
sciatica
severe pain of the sciatic nerve that radiates from the buttocks to the feet
157
shingles
unilateral, painful vesicles that appear on the upper body and are caused by the herpes zoster virus
158
spinal stenosis
disorder that involves of an area of the spine that puts pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots
159
stroke
sudden loss of neurological function due to vascular injury to the brain;
also called cerebrovascular accident CVA and brain attack
160
transient ischemic attack
temporary impairment of neurological functioning due to a brief interruption in blood supply to a part of the brain
161
ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
| AKA. Lou Gehrig Test
162
CNS
central nervous system
163
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
164
CT
computed tomography
165
CVA
cerebrovascular accident
| AKA stroke or brain attack
166
EEG
electroencephalography
167
EMG
electromyogram
168
ICP
intracranial pressure
169
Lp
lumbar puncture
170
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
171
MS
multiple sclerosis
172
PNS
peripheral nervous system
173
TIA
transient ischemic attack
174
antitussive
medication that suppresses the cough reflex
175
aspiration
unintentional inhalation of a substance other than air.
176
bronchoscopy
examination of the bronchi through a socialized instrument called a bronchoscope
177
chest physiotherapy
type of therapy that includes percussion (clapping) over the thotax or vibration and positioning to facilitate loosening and removal of respiratory secretions
178
circumoral cyanosis
blue coloring around the mouth due to inadequate oxygenation
179
corticosteroids
medication that suppresses the immune response an decrease inflammation
180
crackles
abnormal crackly lung sound heard with a stethoscope
181
dyspnea
painful or difficult breathing
182
exhalation
act of breathing out, also called expiration
183
expectorant
medication that liquifies and loosens respiratory secretions to aid in expelling them
184
febrile
fever causing
185
hemoptysis
coughing up blood
186
hypoxia
deficient level of oxygen
187
hypoxic drive
backup system of respiration that stimulates breathing in a patient who is retaining carbon dioxide
188
incentive spirometer
handheld device used by the patient to inhale a maximal breath to keep lungs expanded and functional
189
inhalation
act of breathing in
| also called inspiration
190
lobectomy
surgical removal of a lobe of a lung
191
lymphadenopathy
swollen, tender cervical lymph nodes
192
Mantoux test
test to identify tuberculosis exposure
193
metered dose inhaler
handheld device used to inhale medication into the lungs
194
nasal cannula
oxygen tubing designed to deliver oxygen into a patient's nose
195
nebulizer
device that produces a fine spray or mist to deliver medication to the air passages and lungs
196
peak-flow meter
handheld device used to measure an individuals lung capacity
197
pH scale
scale used to measure acidity and alkalinity of a substance
198
pleural membrane
double membranes that covers the lungs and line the thoracic cavity
199
pulmonology
field of medicine that studies and treats respiratory disorders
200
pulmonologist
physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disorders
201
pneumonectomy
surgical removal of an entire lung
202
pulmonary function test
measurement of air flow and lung volumes;
| also called spirometry
203
purulent
consisting of or containing pus
204
rhonchi
coarse gurgling sound heard on auscultation that is caused by secretions in the air passages
205
wedge resection
surgical removal of a small part of the lung
206
wheeze
somewhat musical sound heard in the lungs, usually with a stethoscope, that is caused by partial airway obstruction
207
aerophagia
swallowing air
208
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchus
209
bronchiectasis
dilation or expansion of the bronchus
210
chrondroplasty
surgical repair of the cartilage
211
epiglottal
pertaining to the epiglottis
212
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
213
nasogastric
pertaining to the nose and stomach
214
rhinitis
inflammation of the nose (runny nose)
215
mucoid
resembling mucus
216
oral
pertaining to the mouth
217
stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
218
orthopnea
breathing in the straight (upright) position
219
anoxia
condition of no oxygen
220
pharyngeal
pertaining to the pharynx
221
pleurodynia
pain in the pleura
222
pneumonia
condition of the lung
223
pneumonectomy
surgical excision of the lung
224
pulmonary
pertaining to the lung
225
sinusoid
resembling a sinus
226
thoracentesis
surgical puncture of the thorax
227
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
228
tracheotomy
surgical incision of the trachea
229
circumonal
pertaining to around the mouth
230
hypoxia
condition of low oxygen
231
intrathoracic
pertaining to with the thorax
232
paranasal
pertaining to beside or near the nose
233
peritonsillar
pertaining to beside or near the tonsils
234
postnasal
pertaining to the posterior portion of the nose
235
stomatalgia
mouth pain
236
pleurocentesis
surgical puncture of the pleura
237
chondrocyte
cartilage cell
238
pleurodeisis
binding of the pleura
239
laryngectomy
surgical removal of the larynx
240
bronchiole
small bronchus
241
rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
242
laryngoplegia
paralyzed larynx
243
laryngocope
instrument used to view the larynx
244
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchi
245
acute respiratory distress syndrome
hypoxemia and respiratory failure due to severe inflammatory damage to the lungs after severe infection or trauma
246
allergic rhinitis
inflammation of the nasal membranes due to allergies
| also called hay fever
247
asthma
disorder in which airways overreact to certain triggers with inflammation, resulting in narrowing, mucus production, and dyspnea;
also called reactive airway disease
248
atelectasis
partial collapse of lung tissues, such as alveoli and bronchioles
249
bronchitis
infection of the bronchial passages, usually by a virus but possibly by bacteria
250
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
group of chronic lung disorders that include emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma and creates obstructive changes in the bronchi and alveoli
also called chronic obstructive lung disease
251
croup
active viral disease, usually in children, marked by a barking, "seal like' cough and respiratory distress
252
cystic fibrosis
fatal genetic disease that causes frequent respiratory infections, increased airway secretions, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in children
253
emphysema
common COPD that causes permanent, destructive changes to respiratory structures
254
empyema
collection of infected fluid (pus) in a body cavity, usually between the pleura
255
epistaxis
nosebleed
256
Epstein- Barr virus
infection caused by the epstein-barr virus (EBV), which is a member of the herpesvirus family
also called mononucleosis or glandular fever
257
glomerulonephritis
type of kidney infection
258
hemothorax
condition in which blood has collected between the pleural linings of the lungs
259
hypercapnia
chronic retention of carbon dioxide in the blood
260
influenza
group of viral respiratory illnesses marked by fever, headache, muscle aches, rhinitis, fatigue, sore throat, dry cough, and gastrointestinal symptoms
261
lung cancer
group of several different types of cancer, including small cell, non-small cell, squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, and large cell lung cancer
262
orthopnea
need to remain upright in order to breath effectively
263
pharyngitis
sore throat
264
pleural effusion
collection of fluid in the pleural space
265
pneumonia
viral or bacterial infection of the lungs
266
pneumothorax
condition in which air has collected between the pleural linings of the lungs
267
pulmonary tuberculosis
contagious lung infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis organism
268
sinusitis
inflammation of the lining of the sinus cavities
269
upper respiratory infection
acute inflammation of the mucus membranes of the nasal passages and throat caused by a virus
also called the common cold or coryza
270
severe acute respiratory syndrome
viral respiratory illness marked by head and body aches, fever, and cough that may be lead to severe pneumonia
271
stridor
medical emergency marked by a high pitched upper airway sound (heard without a stethoscope) that indicates airway obstruction
272
ABGs
arterial blood gases
273
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
274
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
275
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
276
CO2
carbon dioxide
277
O2
oxygen
278
PND
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
279
RT
respiratory therapy
280
SARS
sudden acute respiratory syndrome
281
SOB
shortness of breath
282
stat
immediately
283
TB
tuberculosis
284
URI
upper respiratory infection
285
VC
vital capacity
286
anuria
absence of urine production
287
cystoscopy
visual examination of the bladder
288
dysuria
painful or difficult urination
289
filtrate
mixture of water, electrolytes, urea, and other small molecules first filtered in the glomerulus
290
frequency
need for frequent urination
291
hemodialysis
artificial means of removing urea, waste, toxins, and excess fluid from the blood
292
lithotripsy
treatment that uses shock or sound to crush stones in the kidneys or urinary tract
293
micturition reflex
bladder reflex that creates the urge to urinate
294
oliguria
deficiency of urine production
295
peritoneal dialysis
dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity is used as the dialyzing membrane
296
renal colic
pain that radiates from the flank into the abdomen or groin area
297
stent
device that holds tissue in place and maintains an opening
298
urgency
sudden, nearly uncontrollable need to urinate
299
urinalysis
laboratory analysis of urine
300
urine culture
growth and study of microorganisms isolated from a urine specimen
301
urinary catheterization
procedure that involves removal of a segment of the vas deferens to achieve male sterilization
302
bacteriuria
bacteria in the urine
303
balanitis
inflammation of the glans penis
