Computer Software and System

Question 1

the general term applied to the collection of instructions that direct the computer’s hardware how to perform work

Answer 1

Software

Question 2

the programs and other operating information used by a computer

Answer 2

Software

Question 3

This is in contrast to physical hardware, from which the system is built and actually performs the work.

Answer 3

Software

Question 4

consist of instructions communicated electronically to the hardware.

Answer 4

Software

Question 5

Boot up the computer system; controls input, output storage; and controls the operations of the application software; consist of programs that controls the operation of the computer and its devices

Answer 5

System software

Question 6

Provides the basic functions for computer usage and helps run the computer hardware and system

Answer 6

System Software

Question 7

A computer cannot function without an ________

Answer 7

Operating System

Question 8

a set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources.

Answer 8

Operating System

Question 9

The core parts includes supervisory programs, boot loaders, shells and window systems

Answer 9

Operating System

Question 10

In practice, it comes bundled with additional software (including application software) so that a user can
potentially do some work with a computer that only has one operating system.

Answer 10

Operating System

Question 11

which operate or control a particular type of device that is attached to a computer.

Answer 11

Device Drivers

Question 12

Drivers may interface with

Answer 12

-Printers
-Video adapters
-Network cards
-Sound cards
-Computer storage devices such as hard disk
-CD-ROM
-Floppy disk
-Image scanners
-Digital cameras

Question 13

This kind of software is designed to maintain the computer

Answer 13

Utilities

Question 14

Is the operational software embedded within a flash drive, ROM or EPROM memory chip for the operating system to identify it

Answer 14

Firmware

Question 15

Includes the various programs that users require to perform day to day tasks

Answer 15

Application Software

Question 16

software that uses the computer system to perform special functions or provide entertainment functions beyond the basic operation of the computer itself

Answer 16

Application software

Question 17

What are the types of software

Answer 17

1. System Software
2. Application Software

Question 18

System Software includes the following:

Answer 18

-Operating System
-Device Drivers
-Utilities

Question 19

What are the types of application Software

Answer 19

1. Word Processor
2. Spreadsheet
3. DBMS (Database Management System)
4. Graphics
5. Educational
6. Games
7. Accounting Package

Question 20

Any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client or computer network

Answer 20

Malicious Software or Malware

Question 21

Software that is developed to harm and disrupt computers

Answer 21

Malicious software or malware

Question 22

Is closely associated with computer-related crimes, though some malicious programs may have been designed as practical jokes

Answer 22

Malware

Question 23

A range of antivirus software, firewalls and other strategies are used to help protect against the introduction of malware, to help detect it if it is already present, and to recover from malware-associated malicious activity and attacks

Answer 23

Malicious Software or Malware

Question 24

A part of the software with which you interact; it controls how data and instructions are entered and how information is presented on the screen

Answer 24

User Interface

Question 25

Types of User Interface

Answer 25

1. Command Line Interface 2. Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Question 26

You type keywords or press special keys from the keyboard to enter data and instructions

Answer 26

Command Line Interface

Question 27

Are set of commands you use to interact with the computer

Answer 27

Command Language

Question 28

Allows you to use menus and visual images such as icons

Answer 28

Graphical User Interface

Question 29

Are small images that represents a program, instructions or information

Answer 29

Icon

Question 30

The translation programs are called

Answer 30

-Assemblers -Compilers -Interpreters

Question 31

Are needed to convert instructions written in English-like language into binary

Answer 31

Translation programs

Question 32

A means of communicating with the computer

Answer 32

Programming Language

Question 33

A set of words, symbols, and codes that enables a programmer to communicate a solution algorithm to computer.

Answer 33

Programming Language

Question 34

Refers to how close the language is to the actual machine

Answer 34

Level

Question 35

Machine Language and Assembly Language is in what level?

Answer 35

First Level

Question 36

Includes high-level procedural and nonprocedural language

Answer 36

Second Level

Question 37

A natural language

Answer 37

Third Level (fifth generation)

Question 38

The true language of the computer

Answer 38

Machine Language

Question 39

Consists only of binary numbers 1's and 0's, representing the on and off electrical impulses

Answer 39

Machine Language

Question 40

It is far more English-like Language

Answer 40

Assembler Language

Question 41

Instructions have a one-to-one correspondence with a machine language instructions

Answer 41

Assembler Language

Question 42

What code is this? PRINT_LOOP: CALL WRITE_CHAR INC DL LOOP PRINT_LOOP MOV AH,4CH INT 21H;21H

Answer 42

Assembler Language Code

Question 43

Requires the programmer to specify both what the computer is to do and the procedure on how to do it.

Answer 43

Procedural Language

Question 44

Specialized application programs that require more involvement of the user in directing the program to do necessary work

Answer 44

Fourth Generation Language

Question 45

Also called natural language

Answer 45

Fifth generation language

Question 46

The user tells the machine what to do in the user's own natural language or through use of a set of very English-like commands

Answer 46

Fifth Generation Language

Question 47

Is designed to meet the needs of a wide variety of users, not just a single user or company.

Answer 47

Package software

Question 48

it is sometimes called commercial-of-the-shelf software

Answer 48

Software Packages

Question 49

Refers to the process of writing a computer program, which is a series of instructions written in proper sequence to solve a specific problem

Answer 49

Computer Programming

Question 50

Program encompasses the program instructions and is generally written by a computer programmer

Answer 50

Computer Programming

Question 51

Steps in writing a computer program

Answer 51

-Problem definition -Program design -Writing the code and program documentation -Testing -Program documentation

Question 52

The six elements

Answer 52

1. Interdependent parts 2. Input to the system 3. System processes 4. Output of the system 5. System control 6. Feedback

Question 53

The most defining attribute of a system is that its parts interact to conduct some process.

Answer 53

Interdependent parts

Question 54

Is any factor from the external environment that is taken into the system.

Answer 54

Input

Question 55

is the activity of the system. The system performs process on its inputs to procedure outputs, or create some sort of results.

Answer 55

Process

Question 56

is any product or waste produced as a result of system process.

Answer 56

Output

Question 57

refers to any component or activity that serves to prevent or correct problems or errors in the system’s input, process or output.

Answer 57

Control

Question 58

is the output from one part of a system process that serves as input to another part of a system process

Answer 58

Feedback

Question 59

the collection and integration of various pieces of hardware and software and the human resources that meet the data collection, storage, processing and report generation needs of an organization.

Answer 59

Information System

Question 60

Provides managers information about their business operations.

Answer 60

Management Information System

Question 61

an organized system for managing the flow of information in an organization in a timely manner

Answer 61

Management Information System

Question 62

Have programs that support strategic planning, management control and operation support.

Answer 62

Management Information System

Question 63

refers to the policy decisions made by the top-level team of administrators.

Answer 63

Strategic Planning

Question 64

a retrieval system that generally refers to bibliographic data, document information or literature.

Answer 64

Bibliographic Retrieval Systems

Question 65

Primarily used to store and retrieve data and not to conduct any computations per se.

Answer 65

Bibliographic Retrieval Systems

Question 66

designed to provide bibliographic data on journal articles, books, monographs and textual report.

Answer 66

Bibliographic Retrieval Systems

Question 67

A special purpose system

Answer 67

Stand-alone systems

Question 68

Developed for a single application or set of functions

Answer 68

Stand-Alone systems

Question 69

Used to process predefined transactions and produce predefined reports

Answer 69

Transaction Systems

Question 70

Designed for repeated operations using a fixed list

Answer 70

Transactions Systems

Question 71

widely used in hospital patient care units, in surgery, and more and more commonly, in private homes

Answer 71

Physiologic Monitoring System

Question 72

being used more frequently to measure and monitor continuous automatic physiologic findings such as heart rate

Answer 72

Physiologic Monitoring System

Question 73

a computer system that supports some aspects of the human decision-making process

Answer 73

Decision support system

Question 74

It works with the user to support, but not replace, human judgment in a decision- making situation.

Answer 74

Decision Support System

Question 75

A computer system containing the information and decision-making strategies of an expert to assist non- experts in decision-making.

Answer 75

Expert System

Question 76

designed for a user to simulate the cause and effect reasoning that a expert would use if confronted with the same situation in real live environment

Answer 76

Expert System

Question 77

a system that attempts to a model human reasoning processes.

Answer 77

Artificial Intelligence System

Question 78

Capture, store, and manipulate visual images and pictures

Answer 78

Vision System

Question 79

Mechanical and computer devices that perform tedious tasks with high precision

Answer 79

Robotics

Question 80

Stores knowledge and makes inferences

Answer 80

Expert System

Question 81

a system that can understand and process commands given in the user’s own natural, spoken language.

Answer 81

Natural Language System

Question 82

It requires the computer to understand a wide range of words, speech styles, syntax and sentence structure.

Answer 82

Natural Language System

Question 83

Sometimes called medical information system (MIS) or patient care system (PCS)

Answer 83

Hospital Information System

Question 84

It provides support for a wide variety of both administrative and clinical functions

Answer 84

Hospital Information System

Question 85

Its purpose is to manage information needed to facilitate daily hospital operations by all health care personnel

Answer 85

Hospital Information System

Question 86

can use several computer system configurations.

Answer 86

His configurations

Question 87

The most common uses mainframe computer with hardwired terminals or workstations.

Answer 87

HIS Configurations

Question 88

Many hospitals configuration include the dedicated ___for special purposes, such as nurse staffing, pharmacy or laboratory systems

Answer 88

IS

Question 89

Another configurations employs a LAN

Answer 89

HIS Configurations

Question 90

What are the program modules available in an HIS?

Answer 90

1. Admission and discharge 2. Patient tracking 3. Finance 4. Payroll 5. Billing 6. Budgeting support 7. Inventory 8. Management reporting programs

Question 91

These both support administrative and clinical operations.

Answer 91

Semiclinical Modules

Question 92

Monitors and sometimes controls the flow of patients in a hospital from admission to discharge

Answer 92

ADT

Question 93

Automatically prepare the midnight census and activity reports.

Answer 93

ADT

Question 94

Means that the staff can enter laboratory, pharmacy, and radiology orders online

Answer 94

ORDER-ENTRY-RESULT-REPORTING MODULE

Question 95

means that the lab, pharmacy and radiology can enter the results into the computer system and have those results available to the nursing unit

Answer 95

Result reporting

Question 96

Also known as point-of-care system

Answer 96

POINT-OF-SERVICE (POS) SYSTEM

Question 97

Uses a hand-held or bedside PC to ensure that data are entered at the point at which they are collected.

Answer 97

POINT-OF-SERVICE (POS) SYSTEM

Question 98

Designed to save time by recording critical clinical data such as patient assessment, drug administration, vital signs.

Answer 98

POINT-OF-SERVICE (POS) SYSTEM