Computer Structure/Environmental Impact/Security Flashcards
Write the Steps of the fetch execute cycle
1) The processor sets up the address bus with the required address
2) The processor activates the read line on the control bus
3) An instruction is fetched from the memory location using the data bus and stored in the instruction register
4)The instruction in the instruction register is decoded and executed
Identify the missing steps from the fetch execute cycle:
1) The processor sets up the address bus with the required address
2)
3) An instruction is fetched from the memory location using the data bus and stored in the instruction register
4)
2) The processor activates the read line on the control bus
4)The instruction in the instruction register is decoded and executed
Identify the missing steps from the fetch execute cycle:
1) The processor sets up the address bus with the required address
2) The processor activates the read line on the control bus
3)
4)The instruction in the instruction register is decoded and executed
3) An instruction is fetched from the memory location using the data bus and stored in the instruction register
What is the 1st step of the Fetch Execute cycle?
The processor sets up the address bus with the required address
What is the last step of the Fetch Execute cycle?
The instruction in the instruction register is decoded and executed
Describe the Processor?
Does the ‘thinking’ of the computer. Has three parts - the registers, control unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
The Processor has three parts: registers, control unit, and arithmetic logic unit (ALU).
What are Registers?
Small amount of temporary memory inside the processor, holds data and instructions while they are being processed.
Registers are essential for quick data access during processing.
What is the role of the Control Unit?
Decodes and executes instructions. Keeps all of the other parts of the processor in time with its clock.
The Control Unit is crucial for coordinating the operations of the processor.
What does the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) do?
Does all calculations and logic/comparisons.
The ALU is a vital component for performing mathematical and logical operations.
How is Main Memory organized?
Divided into memory locations, each with a unique memory address.
Main memory is directly connected to the processor via address and data buses.
What is the purpose of the Address Bus?
Carries addresses in one direction from processor to main memory.
The Address Bus is essential for locating data in memory.
What does the Data Bus do?
Carries data/instructions in both directions between memory and processor.
The Data Bus facilitates communication between the processor and memory.
What is the function of the Control Bus?
Indicates if processor is reading from or writing to main memory.
The Control Bus ensures proper communication and data transfer protocols.
What is Cache memory?
A small amount of very fast expensive memory on the same chip as the processor.
Cache stores frequently-used data and instructions, improving processing speed.
Fill in the blank: The Processor has three main parts: registers, control unit, and _______.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).
These components work together to perform computing tasks.
Which part of the processor is responsible for performing calculations.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).
The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs calculations, while the Control Unit manages instruction execution.
Name the 4 factors which can affect a computers performance
1) Number of processors (cores)
2) Width of the data bus
3) Cache memory
4) Clock speed
Describe how cache memory improves performance.
*Cache has faster access time than main memory
* Stores frequently used data/instructions
* Reducing the need to access/fetch execute from main memory
Explain how Clock speed affects the performance of a computer
Clock speed impact number of instructions executed/carried out
per second, faster the clock speed results in more instructions per second being processed.
Explain how the Data bus width affects the performance of a computer
The data bus width impacts the number of bits/data transferred in a single operation. A larger data bus width reduces number of
fetch operations required which speeds up performance
Explain how the number of cores affects the performance of a computer
The number of cores affects how many instructions can be executed concurrently (at the same time), an increase in the number of core increased the number of instruction which can be processed at one time - which increases performance.
Note: Not all instructions will be able to be ran at the same time.
Describe an 2 intelligent systems used on a car journey that is beneficial for the environment. Justify your answer.
Note answer should include feature and justification (any 2 below)
- autonomous driving (1) is more fuel efficient due to system controlling accelerating/decelerating and detecting/anticipating braking (1)
- intelligent route planning (1) reduces driving time by monitoring external factors such as accidents/volume of traffic which reduces fuel consumption (1)
- tracking parking (1) reduces driving time searching for space and therefore fuel consumption (1)
- engine management system (1) optimises engine efficiency reducing fuel consumption (1)
- intelligent road traffic management systems (1) adjusting speed limits to optimise traffic flow reducing fuel consumption (1)
Describe 2 potential ways an intelligent heating system can benefit the environment
Energy consumption can be reduced by using pro-active decision making by software/apps such as;
* automatically switch heating off/on when within temperature range
* monitoring/responding to external weather conditions
* adjust heating based on historical patterns of data
* zoned heating
