computer systems

Question 1

translate ,10101101 into denary …

Answer 1

173

Question 2

state the mantissa and exponent of , 23454.333 x10^223

Answer 2

mantissa =23454.333

exponent= 223

Question 3

what does ,ASCII, stand for ?

Answer 3

American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

Question 4

what is the resolution of a picture ?

Answer 4

The total number of pixels in an image

Question 5

what is the bit depth of an image ?

Answer 5

the number of colours that can be used in an image

Question 6

state the name of all 4 vector graphics

Answer 6

rectangle, ellipse,line and polygon

Question 7

state the attributes of a vector graphics

Answer 7

fill colour , coordinates ,line colour

Question 8

what is a polygon vector graphic?

Answer 8

The polygon object can be any shape that has at least three sides and allows for a wide variety of common shapes to be stored in vector form

Question 9

what is a line vector graphic?

Answer 9

The line object allows for the creation of lines.

Question 10

what is a rectangle vector graphic?

Answer 10

Rectangle is actually a type of polygon but given the frequency of its use, most vector graphic file formats support a specific rectangle object.

Question 11

what is a ellipse vector graphic?

Answer 11

Ellipse objects are like circles but you can alter the radius of the X co-ordinate so that it is a different value to that of the Y co-ordinate. This allows for the creation of oval shapes rather than circles

Question 12

what is the processor in a computer system?

Answer 12

The processor is the part of the computer system that handles the instructions used to ensure that hardware and software respond as expected. Processors can handle millions of instructions per second

Question 13

what is the ALU in a computer system?

Answer 13

All calculations and logical decisions are handled by the ALU

Question 14

what is the register in a computer system?

Answer 14

temporary storage locations within the processor

stores addresses, data or instructions

Question 15

what is the control unit in a computer system?

Answer 15

The control unit is responsible for managing the clock, read, write, reset and interrupt lines

Question 16

what is the RAM in a computer system?

Answer 16

When a program is running, the data that will be processed by the processor is temporarily stored in RAM. RAM will hold data until it is needed by the processor

Question 17

what is an address bus ?

Answer 17

The address bus holds the address in RAM that the processor is accessing. It is uni-directional. This means the address can only be transmitted in one direction - from the processor to main memory (RAM).

Question 18

what is a data bus?

Answer 18

The data bus carries data between the processor and the memory. It is bi-directional. This means that it is possible to transfer data both to and from the processor and memory.

Question 19

what is a compiler ?

Answer 19

a compiler is a type of translator, this translator changes all coding into binary before executing it to the computer , this process ids faster than an interpreter

Question 20

what is an interpreter

Answer 20

an interpreter is a type of translator , this translator changes each line of coding one by one and executes it before translating another line of coding , its slower than a compiler however is more efficient.

Question 21

name at least 3 ways to reduce the energy use of a computer system

Answer 21

1.reduce the ‘brightness’ setting as much as possible
2.do not use a screen saver
3.activate efficiency mode if the monitor supports this setting
4.use energy efficient monitors:
often marked with the energy star sticker

Question 22

how do firewalls work?

Answer 22

Data is usually split into ‘packets’ before it is sent across a network.

This means that something like an image file is not sent as one single file. The image data is split into lots of different packets that can be reassembled to create the image file once they are received.

Firewalls are used to check data packets as they are sent to or received from a system or network.

Question 23

why do we use firewalls ?

Answer 23

Firewalls protect against unauthorized access to a computer system by those who might want to steal data, cause malicious harm or take control of the system.

Question 24

what is encryption?

Answer 24

Encryption is a security measure used to try to prevent unauthorized access to data during transmission from one system or network to another.

Encryption is designed to scramble data so that if an unauthorized person or organisation manage to steal data packets, they will be unable to understand the content