Computer Systems

Question 1

Program counter Register

Answer 1

Contains address of next instruction to be executed

Question 2

stack pointer register

Answer 2

contains the address of the last executed instruction

Question 3

Instruciton pointer register

Answer 3

contains the addres of the current instruction being executed

Question 4

accumulator register

Answer 4

contrains the results of arithmetic and logic operations

Question 5

Microprocessor

Answer 5

single IC whcih accepts and executes code instructions for data processing and controlling associated comuter circuitry. similar to a CPU

Question 6

Microcomputer

Answer 6

An interconnected group of IC input outputs, mem systems, used for data processing and other applications

Question 7

microcontroller

Answer 7

and integrated system of a single integrated circuit containing microprocessors. IO divides and mem systems.

Question 8

RHIC

Answer 8

reduced instruction set computer simple and iptimized set of instructions

Question 9

CISC

Answer 9

Complex instruciton set computer

Question 10

ADD R5

Answer 10

an example of immediate addressing mode

Question 11

what does ADD R5 #6 do

Answer 11

add the constant 6 to Register 5

Question 12

what does LOAD R4, (R5) do

Answer 12

loads the content in pointer R5 into R4

Question 13

indirect addressing

Answer 13

pointer

Question 14

immediate addressing

Answer 14

constants

Question 15

direct addressing

Answer 15

static data

Question 16

auto indexed addressing

Answer 16

loops

Question 17

multithreading

Answer 17

allows simultaneous execution of multiple threads(subset within a process)

Question 18

single core processors

Answer 18

use time-division multiplexing to provide multiplexing

Question 19

multicore processors

Answer 19

can provide true multithreading without multiplexing

Question 20

examples of sequential access storage devices

Answer 20

cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs

Question 21

Flash memory is an example of

Answer 21

Random access storage device

Question 22

cache memoryu

Answer 22

Low capacity, but very high speed,

used for frequently used data

Question 23

Secondary memory storage device

Answer 23

something like a DVD. Nonvolatile and cant be accesed directly by the PC

Question 24

primary memory storage device

Answer 24

volatile and can be accessed directly

Question 25

PROM

Answer 25

Programamble read only memory(can be programmed once)

Question 26

EPROM

Answer 26

erasable programmable read-only memory can be erased using UV light.

Question 27

EEPROM

Answer 27

electrically erasable programmable read only memoryu can be erased electrically

Question 28

bit byte and nibble

Answer 28

``` Bit = 1 digit Byte = 8 digits Nibble = 4 digits ```

Question 29

total number of address bits needed for cache memory

Answer 29

depends on total memory totalmem = 2^x x = bits

Question 30

block offset for 512bytes

Answer 30

1. log(2) of 2^9 2. 9 bits is the offset. 512 = 2^9

Question 31

learn calculations in the handout

Answer 31

ok pleb

Question 32

total number of tag bits

Answer 32

tag bits = address bits - index bits - block offset bits

Question 33

RAM

Answer 33

random access memory, typically volotile and loads BIOS on boot

Question 34

ROM

Answer 34

Nonvolatile memory used to store BIOS pre booting of the computer

Question 35

USB

Answer 35

secondary memory device

Question 36

Encryption

Answer 36

data conversion process which prevents unauthorized access.

Question 37

encoding

Answer 37

data transformation process whcih involves changing data format for use in a different system

Question 38

Decoding

Answer 38

the opposite of encoding

Question 39

Hashing

Answer 39

using a hash table to convert a string into a much smaller unique representaiton

Question 40

computer architecture

Answer 40

describes teh logical and fx design of a computer syutem including its instruction sets, registers, addressing mode, etc. HIGH LEVEL issues

Question 41

computer organization

Answer 41

deals with low level issuyes, talks about structure and connection of various components

Question 42

CPU

Answer 42

central processing unit - responsible for decoding and executing instructions cosnists of ALU and CU and registers set array

Question 43

ALU

Answer 43

arithmetic logic unit, does adding subtracting and other stuff

Question 44

CU

Answer 44

control unit coordinates operations between ALU and memory and other stuff

Question 45

registers

Answer 45

used for super small and fast data memory

Question 46

BUS

Answer 46

provides communication path between CPU and peripheral devices

Question 47

DATA BUSq

Answer 47

bidirectional bus carrying data/instructions between CPU and peripheral devices.

Question 48

ADDRESS bus

Answer 48

allows CPU to address memory locations, unidirectional and only carries addresses.

Question 49

control Bus

Answer 49

bidirectional bus that carries primary command/control timing signals

Question 50

width of a data bus

Answer 50

determines the amount of data transferred per unit time | wider = more data.