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Computers in Audio Production Flashcards

1
Q

Computers typically used to do 3 things

A
  1. Store
  2. Process
  3. Move information
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2
Q

In order for a computer to do its job, information must be translated to ___________

A

Binary system

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3
Q

Binary system

A

1s and 0s; a system based on the concept of ‘this’ or ‘that’

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4
Q

Bits

A

The ‘letters’ of binary system is made up of 1s and 0s

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5
Q

Binary words

A

Bits combined create binary words

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6
Q

With 2 bits, how many words can you make?

A

4 words: 00, 01, 10, 11

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7
Q

Binary protocol

A

Assigning meanings to binary words to represent text, sound, graphics, anything

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8
Q

When you add a bit to a binary word’s length, it ______ the amount of words that are possible

A

Doubles

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9
Q

Longer strings of bits have

A

More specific definitions

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10
Q

In MIDI protocol, 7 bit binary words are used to represent many MIDI commands. How many possibilities are there?

A

128

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11
Q

How do you calculate bits in a binary word?

A

By using exponents. If it’s a 3 bit word, you would take 2 to the 3rd power = 8. If it’s a 7 bit word, you would take 2 to the 7th power = 128

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12
Q

Terms to denote quantities of bits

A 
bit (b)
byte (B)
kilobyte (KB)
megabyte (MB)
gigabyte (GB)
terabyte (TB)
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13
Q

bit (b)

A

A single 0 or 1

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14
Q

byte (B)

A

8 bits

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15
Q

kilobyte (KB)

A

1024 bytes

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16
Q

megabyte (MB)

A

1024 kilobytes

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17
Q

gigabyte (GB)

A

1024 megabytes

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18
Q

terabyte (TB)

A

1024 gigabytes

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19
Q

1 bit is all that is needed to represent ______

A

The position of any switch e.g. on/off

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20
Q

Every letter you type takes how many bytes of memory?

A

1 byte

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21
Q

Example of what would take several bytes

A

One MIDI note message

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22
Q

KB range examples

A

An average length email, MIDI sequences

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23
Q

1 second of CD quality is sound is about how much bytes?

A

86KB

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24
Q

A CD is approximately how much MB?

A

700MB

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25
Floppy disks store how much MB?
1.44MB
26
DVDs store how many GBs minimum to maximum?
4.7 - 18GB
27
Recording industry's single premise
How do we record info onto a storage medium for use at a later time?
28
Mediums used in audio recording
Wire recorders, wax cylinders, vinyl, 8-track, cassette, CDs, DVDs, computer hard drives
29
Active memory
Computer chips that directly interact with a computer's main processor (CPU) i.e. access any piece of info they contain within nanoseconds
30
2 primary types of active memory
RAM & ROM
31
RAM
Random access memory: changeable - the computer decides what should be kept in RAM based on what info is accessed most often/currently being accessed; volatile/unstable - requires a constant source of electricity to retain information
32
Example of RAM
When you type notes into your computer, you are entering it into your computer's RAM, and are at risk of losing it unless you save - if you turn off your computer (loss of electricity) without saving, poof it's gone
33
ROM
Read only memory: stable & unchangeable - doesn't require electricity to retain info and you or your computer cannot choose what data goes on ROM
34
ROM chips
Come preloaded with info you can use, but cannot change, e.g. game 3ds ROMs that you play/download
35
Keyboard instruments and ROM
Many keyboards store audio waveforms on ROM chips which can be used to synthesize sounds
36
Stored memory
This tech is used when RAM is too limited, or the power for the device needs to be shut off
37
Calculation to get from Bytes to MB
Divide number of Bytes by 1024, then divide that answer by 1024 again. (B > KB > MB)
38
Calculation to get from GB to KB
Multiply number of GB by 1024, then multiply that answer by 1024 again. (GB > MG > KB)
39
Calculation to get from MB to bits
Divide number of MB by 1024, then divide that answer by 1024 again, then divide that answer by 8. (MB > KB > B > bits)
40
Hard drive memory type
Magnetic memory
41
Floppy disk memory type
Magnetic memory
42
CD memory type
Optical memory
43
DVD memory type
Optical memory
44
Blu-ray memory type
Optical memory
45
Memory card (SD, microSD, etc.) memory type
Electrostatic/flash memory
46
USB memory type
Electrostatic/flash memory
47
Solid state drive memory type
Electrostatic/flash memory
48
Blu-rays start at how much storage space typically?
25GB
49
Active memory talks to what two things?
Stored memory and CPU
50
CPU
Central processing unit
51
What determines the actual speed of your computer?
Amount of CPU
52
Measurement of CPU speed
Clockspeed
53
How is Clockspeed measured?
In Hz (cycles per second)
54
Media type
Refers to physical media - hard drive, CD, USB flash drive
55
Media format
Format compatibility regarding different operating systems - Apple: MacOS, Microsoft: Windows
56
Media format dictates
How information is organised. All digital media must be formatted because it prepares the media to be read properly by a specific OS
57
OS
Operating system
58
File format/type
The format of the actual files: .jpg, .mp3, .pdf While your computer might see these files (media format), if you don't have the software to open/read these, then the file cannot be opened/is useless
59
File Specific
Varies on type of file: backward compatibility issues created by different versions of the same software; quality settings e.g. Apple can only play .wav files if they are at specific sample rates
60
APFS
Apple File System | Operates exclusively for Apple
61
HFS+
AKA. MacOS Extended Formatted to Apple Operates exclusively for Apple
62
NTFS
New Tech File System Microsoft, Windows 64-bit Read-only on Apple
63
FAT formats (meaning & origin)
File Allocation Table | Designed by Microsoft to operate on both Windows and Mac
64
FAT formats (examples)
EXFAT (extended, 64-bit): unlimited | FAT32 (32-bit architecture): limited, a single file cannot exceed 4GB
65
FAT32 aka _______
MS-DOS
66
Partitioning
Making a single drive look like two - allotting determined amount of space for certain operations/dividing space within a drive to support different media formats i.e. having 50% of a drive by FAT32 and the other 50% be HFS+
67
Type 1 MIDI track amount
Multiple tracks
68
Type 0 MIDI track amount
Single track
69
What does CPU affect in DAWs?
1. How many plugins it can hold 2. How many tracks it can hold 3. DSP %

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