Computing Module - Final Exam

Question 1

Arguments

Answer 1

Pieces of data that are sent to a function, which the function uses in calculations or other operations

Question 2

Parameter Variables

Answer 2

Represent the inputs to the function, and are assigned the value of the arguments

Question 3

Value-Returning Functions

Answer 3

Returns a value back to the part of the program that called it, used when the function should explicitly return a value. If a function contains NO return statement, None is automatically returned.

Question 4

Lists

Answer 4

A collection variable that has an ordered sequence of elements, each element inside the list is called an item.
A list can hold multiple types of data

Question 5

Count-Controlled Loops

Answer 5

A loop that iterates a specific number of times, and is written using a “for” statement. The for statement executes once for each item in the sequence.

Question 6

Condition-Controlled Loops

Answer 6

A loop that will iterate as long as a condition is true, and is written using a “while” statement. The statement(s) under while loop iterate as long as the condition is true.

Question 7

If statements

Answer 7

One way selection instruments, prevents an action from being performed if a condition is not right

Question 8

If-else statements

Answer 8

Two-Way selection instruments, makes a choice between two alternative courses of action

Question 9

If-elif-else statements

Answer 9

Multi-Way selection instruments, consider each condition until one evaluates to true or they all evaluate to false

Question 10

Nested Decision Structures

Answer 10

Allow for consecutive decisions to be made, and a condition inside will only evaluate if the first condition evaluates to True

Question 11

Nested Repetition Structures

Answer 11

A loop inside a loop, an inner loop goes through all of its iterations for one iteration of the outer loop

Question 12

Preventing Software Bugs

Answer 12

Object oriented programming can improve the structure of large software systems, and software testing techniques can be developed and promoted

Question 13

Black Box Software Testing

Answer 13

testing code without considering how it works, e.g we check to see if a given input produces desired output

Question 14

White Box Software Testing

Answer 14

testing code knowing how coed is supposed to work, e.g. we check to see if each condition of an if statement will work when expected

Question 15

Integration Software Testing

Answer 15

testing different sections of code working together; lets us test communication between different sections of code

Question 16

Unit Software Testing

Answer 16

testing a specific section of code, e.g testing a single function

Question 17

Software Bugs

Answer 17

error or flaw in computer program, causing unexpected results or incorrect behaviour

Question 18

Test Plan

Answer 18

created to finding as many software bugs as possible, and ensuring software is bug free before release

Question 19

Test Plan Cases

Answer 19

Normal Cases - expected inputs that produce a specific result
Boundary Cases- inputs that lie close to some parameter
Abnormal cases- empty lists, strings, files
Each input should have an expected output, if expected output does not match actual output, the result is a fail and vice versa

Question 20

Text File

Answer 20

contains data that has been encoded as a text; using scheme such as ASCII or unicode

Question 21

Binary File

Answer 21

contains data that has not been converted to text

Question 22

File I/O

Answer 22

consists of opening, reading, modifying, and closing files; it can help with analyzing, interpreting, and storing data with python

Question 23

Open function

Answer 23

‘r’ - open for reading only
‘w’- open file for writing
‘a’ - open a file to be written to

Question 24

.read()

Answer 24

reads entire contents of file, and returns riles contents as string

Question 25

.readline()

Answer 25

reads single line from a file and returns next line in file including the /n

Question 26

.readlines()

Answer 26

reads entire contents of a file, and returns the entire content as a list where each item is a line, including the /n

Question 27

Strings

Answer 27

an IMMUTABLE sequence of characters, they are used to store and represent textual data

Question 28

.split()

Answer 28

allows splitting of string into substrings, the default separator is whitespace (e.g space, /t, /n)

Question 29

.write()

Answer 29

writes data to a file, the value inside the parentheses is written to the file

Question 30

.writelines()

Answer 30

writes list of strings to file, the list inside the parentheses has to have all elements as strings

Question 31

object-oriented programming

Answer 31

programmers define the data type of a data structure, and also the types of operations that can be applied to the data structure

Question 32

procedural programming

Answer 32

a program made up of one or more procedures; data is passed from one procedure to another, the focus is the creation of procedures that operate on the program's data

Question 33

Object Data Attributes

Answer 33

data contained in an object, i.e variables that contain data each object shares the same attributes, but the value of the attributes is what differentiates them

Question 34

Object Methods

Answer 34

procedures that a object performs; i.e functions that perform objects on the objects data attributes

Question 35

Class

Answer 35

logical grouping of data and functions, defines the data that objects of the class can have and defines the methods that objects of that class can have

Question 36

Objects

Answer 36

an instance of a class, we can create as many objects of a class as we want

Question 37

Methods

Answer 37

a function defined in a class, they have access to all the data contained on the instance of an object they define what an object can do

Question 38

__init__ method

Answer 38

special method that constructs an object of a class | - python automatically runs the __init__ method to initialize objects attributes

Question 39

self parameter

Answer 39

self is NOT an argument passed to the object, rather self is the instance of the Student

Question 40

Accessor Methods

Answer 40

allow user to observe but not change the state of an object, do not take arguments and often include return statement

Question 41

Mutator Methods

Answer 41

allows user to modify an object's state; often begin with set, mutator methods often take arguments that are used to modify existing instance variable