concept quiz chapters 1,2,3

Question 1

Ethical Decision Making: Step 1

Answer 1

Determine the facts of the situation

Question 2

Perceptual differences

Answer 2

Experiences are mediated by and interpreted through our own understanding and concepts. Thus, ethical disagreements can depend as much on a person’s conceptual framework as on the facts of the situation.

Question 3

Ethical Decision Making: Step 2

Answer 3

Identify the ethical issues involved

Question 4

Normative myopia

Answer 4

The tendency to ignore, or the lack of ability to recognize, ethical issues in decision making

Question 5

Inattentional blindness

Answer 5

Focusing on too narrow a range of
questions.
* When we focus on the wrong
thing, or fail to focus, we may
fail to see key information that
will lead us to success or
prevent unethical behavior

Question 6

Change blindness

Answer 6

Decision-making omission that occurs when decision makers fail to notice gradual changes over time

Question 7

Moral imagination

Answer 7

When one is facing an ethical decision, the ability to envision various alternative choices, consequences, resolutions, benefits, and harms

Question 8

Ethical Decision Making: Step 3

Answer 8

Identify and consider all the people affected by a decision (stakeholders)

Question 9

Stakeholders include:

Answer 9

Employees, customers, shareholders, suppliers, community, government, corporation

Question 10

Ethical Decision Making: Step 4

Answer 10

Consider the available alternatives (aka moral imagination)

Question 11

Ethical Decision Making: Step 5

Answer 11

Make a decision, formulate a plan, and carry it out

Question 12

Ethical Decision Making: Step 6

Answer 12

Monitor and learn from your outcomes

Question 13

Satisficing

Answer 13

Selecting the alternative that satisfies
the minimum decision criteria

Question 14

Stumbling blocks to ethical decision making

Answer 14

1. Intellectual or cognitive
2. Motivation or willpower
3. Incomplete monitoring

Question 15

Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development: Level 1

Answer 15

Pre-conventional: following authority, acting according to rules

Question 16

Kohlberg Stage 1

Answer 16

Obedience and punishment: do things to avoid getting punished

Question 17

Kohlberg Stage 2

Answer 17

Individualism and exchange: children realize different individuals have different viewpoints

Question 18

Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development: Level 2

Answer 18

Conventional morality: performing “right roles” based on norms

Question 19

Kohlberg Stage 3

Answer 19

Good interpersonal relationships - good to be seen as good by others

Question 20

Kohlberg Stage 4

Answer 20

Acting to uphold laws of society

Question 21

Kohlberg Level 3

Answer 21

People decide what they think is right rather than just following society’s rules

Question 22

Kohlberg Stage 5

Answer 22

Personal values uesd to achieve social consciousness

Question 23

Kohlberg Stage 6

Answer 23

Self selection of universal moral principles

Question 24

Utilitarianism

Answer 24

Jeremy Bentham: produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people (consequentialist)

Question 25

Deontology

Answer 25

Kant: Duty-based ethics - certain rules we must follow

Question 26

Virtue ethics

Answer 26

Aristotle: possess the qualities of a virtuous person

Question 27

Categorical Imperative

Answer 27

Treat each person as an end in themselves, never only as a means to our own ends.

Question 28

Kant believed:

Answer 28

We have certain moral "duties" to uphold

Question 29

Challenges to Kantian ethics

Answer 29

What truly are basic human rights?

Question 30

Liberty

Answer 30

A just society is one in which individuals are free from government intrusion as long as they are not harming others

Question 31

Autonomy

Answer 31

Capacity for autonomous action is what makes up the intrinsic value of human beings

Question 32

Equality

Answer 32

Socialist egalitarian theories argue for equal distribution of basic goods and services

Question 33

Legal rights

Answer 33

Granted to employees on the basis of legislation or judicial rulings

Question 34

Character

Answer 34

Those dispositions, relationships, attitudes, values, and beliefs that popularly might be called a "personality