concept review 3 and 4

Question 1

What is Social Darwinism?

Answer 1

• By nature there are individuals and (cultures) that are superior to others
• And by nature the superior should dominate the inferior
• And by nature the inferior must eventually become extinct

Question 2

What did Survival of the Fittest mean to Social Darwinists? To Charles Darwin?

Answer 2

The strongest should dominate the weak and the weak will eventually die out. Charles Darwin’s use of “survival of the fittest” was rooted in the biological context of natural selection

Question 3

What does the term “race” imply?

Answer 3

Humans belong to distinct population groups which are fundamentally different by nature

Question 4

What is “replacement theory”?

Answer 4

There is a conspiracy to eliminate the “white race” increasing the population of lower races and through immigration of “inferior races” to “white countries: The United State”

Question 5

Biologically speaking, how many human races are there?

Answer 5

zero

Question 6

What was the first critical stage (late 19th/early 20th century) for American Anthropology?

Answer 6

Late 19th century = the rejection of social darwinism and the acceptance of science
To explain human origins and diversity (the measure of america)

Question 7

Where is the cradle of humanity?

Answer 7

East africa (all of humanity has Africa as its origin)

Question 8

What does “Out of Africa” mean?

Answer 8

Scientific theory that Homo sapiens, the modern human species, originated in Africa and then migrated and dispersed to populate the rest of the world

Question 9

What is Ethnicity?

Answer 9

Categories of human

Question 10

What is the connection between migration, human diversity and the future of humanity?

Answer 10

Migration shapes human diversity, influencing cultures and societies. Managing it is key for global cooperation and a harmonious future, as embracing diversity fosters innovation and resilience. Effective policies and collaboration are essential for navigating migration’s complexities.

Question 11

What was the Adaptive Radiation process which created Ethnicity?

Answer 11

Human diversity
- biological and Cultural

Question 12

Explain how Ethnicity is biological. Explain how Ethnicity is cultural

Answer 12

Biological: phenotype characteristics
Cultural:
- history
- location
- language
- religion
- ancestors
- social networks

Question 13

Explain the impact that geological and climatic changes in Africa, millions of years ago, had on human evolution.

Answer 13

Geological and climatic changes in ancient Africa shaped human evolution by creating diverse landscapes, fluctuating climates, and ecosystems. The formation of Rift Valleys, expansion of grasslands, and the emergence of lakes influenced hominin adaptation, migration patterns, and the development of traits like bipedalism. These environmental dynamics and selective pressures played a crucial role in the evolution of early humans.

Question 14

What is the foundation of Darwinian biology?

Answer 14

all life is in a constant state of change

Question 15

What new discovery in the 19th century in geology help support evolution?

Answer 15

The Earth is 3-4 billion years old, therefore evolution would be possible

Question 16

What is the connection between Anthropology and the other?

Answer 16

In the 1900s is when the discipline of anthropology was created. This is when the Western Europeans started studying others.

Question 16

how can you connect Social Darwinism, The White Man’s Burden and the Colonized Other.

Answer 16

Social Darwinism wrongly said some races were superior, justifying colonization. The White Man’s Burden claimed it was a duty to civilize others. Both ideas dehumanized and oppressed colonized people, viewing them as inferior during European imperialism.

Question 17

Explain the nature v. nurture debate and its importance to cultural anthropology

Answer 17

The nature vs. nurture debate in cultural anthropology involves the discussion of whether human behavior and cultural traits are more influenced by biological factors (nature) or by environmental and societal influences (nurture).
Cultural anthropology examines how societies and cultures shape human behavior. The nature vs. nurture debate is crucial as it helps anthropologists understand the interplay between inherent biological tendencies and cultural influences in shaping individual and collective behaviors within different societies.