conception and fetal development Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
mitosis produces _____ cells
A
diploid
2
Q
mitosis makes ___ and ____ possible
A
growth
development
3
Q
______ produces exact copies of original cell
A
mitosis
4
Q
____ occurs before conception
A
meiosis
5
Q
during meiosis, ____ cells in testes and ovaries give rise to gametes
A
diploid
6
Q
the result of meiosis is a ______ number
A
haploid
7
Q
a haploid number is half of the amount in _____
A
mitosis
8
Q
______ (meiosis/mitosis) produces reproductive cells
A
meiosis
9
Q
____ is the process by which female gametes are produced
A
oogenesis
10
Q
all ______ that females will produce in her lifetime are present at birth
A
ova
11
Q
ovary produces ____ cells before birth
A
oogonial
12
Q
the ___ is the female gamete
A
ovum
13
Q
an ____ undergoes meiotosis to form an ovum
A
oocoyte
14
Q
during oogenesis, the oocyte goes through its first meiotic division at _______
A
puberty
15
Q
at ________ the second meiotic division occurs
A
ovulation
16
Q
during the second meiotic division of oogenesis, a _____ _____ is produced
A
mature ovum
17
Q
_____ _____ in seminiferous tubules produce gamete
A
germinal epithelium
18
Q
germinal epithelium in ______ ______ produce gamete
A
seminiferous tubules
19
Q
during the first meiotic division in the production of sperm, _________ replicates
A
spermatogonium
20
Q
during the second meiotic divison in the production of sperm, 4 ______ are formed
A
spermatids
21
Q
the top of the head of a sperm is the _______
A
acrosome
22
Q
the rest of the head of a sperm is ______
A
nucleus
23
Q
the nucleus of a sperm contains all the _______ _______
A
genetic material
24
Q
the middle of a sperm has a ______ for energy
A
mitochondria
25
the tail of a sperm has ______ for motility
flagellum
26
fertilization is the process by which a sperm fuses with an ovum to form a new _____ cell or ______
diploid
zygote
27
the process of fertilization takes place in the _______ of the fallopian tube
ampulla
28
the process of fertilization takes place in the ampulla of the ______ _____
fallopian tube
29
high levels of estrogen during ovulation cause _____ within the fallopian tubes, which helps the ovum
peristalsis
30
high levels of estrogen during ovulation cause thinning of _____ ______, which helps the sperm
cervical mucus
31
lack of ______ can be the cause of ectopic pregnancies
estrogen
32
sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for ___-____ hours but are only believed healthy for about ____ hours
48-72
24
33
ova is considered fertile for about ___-____ hours after ovulation
12-24
34
sex of the ______ is determined at fertilization
zygote
35
2 phases of development after fertilization:
cellular _____
cellular _______
multiplication
differentiation
36
the zygote begins cellular multiplication while still in the ______ _______
fallopian tube
37
____ helps the zygote with cellular multiplication
estrogen
38
during the process of fertilization, there are 2 cells after _____ hours
36
39
in the process of fertilization, there are 4 cells after _____ hours
48
40
during fertilization, implantation occurs on days _____-_____
7-10
41
ideally implantation occurs on the ______ side of the ______
posterior
fundus
42
the posterior side of the fundus is ideal for implantation bc there's increased ______ _____
blood supply
43
the posterior side of the fundus is ideal for implantation bc the _____ is thick
endometrium
44
the posterior side of the fundus is ideal for implantation bc it ______ _____ ____ after birth
limits blood loss
45
______ makes the fundus ideal for the egg
progesterone
46
the ______ period are the first 2 weeks after conception
pre embryonic
47
the ____ stage is when the fertilized egg is trying to implant
pre embryonic
48
the _____ period is the 3rd to 8th week of development
embryonic
49
the _____ period is 9 weeks to birth
fetal
50
the pre embryonic period is the first ______ weeks after conception
2
51
the embryonic period is the _____-______ week of development
3rd-8th
52
the fetal period is week ___ to ______
9-birth
53
in the pre embryonic period, the first cell division is the ______
zygote
54
in the pre embryonic period, cleavage cell division forms a ______
morula
55
the inner cell mass of a morula are called ________
blastocysts
56
blastocysts form _____ and _______
embryo
amnion
57
in the pre embryonic period, the outer layer of cells are called _______
trophoblasts
58
______ are the outer layer of blastocysts
trophoblasts
59
_____ occur on the 4th day after fertilization
blastocysts
60
trophoblasts form the _____ and ______
placenta
chorion
61
in the embryonic period, the embryo is vulnerable to _____
teratogens
62
development in the embryonic period is ________ and ________
cephalocaudal
peripheral
63
cephalocaudal means higher amounts of oxygen are delivered to the _____ and ____ than to the extremities
brain
heart
64
at what stage of fetal development does implantation take place?
a. embryo
b. morula
c. blastocyst
d. zygote
blastocyst
65
after implantation the endometrium is called ______
decidua
66
maternal part of the placenta develops from the _____ ______
decidua basalis
67
at about the 10th to 14th day, blastocyst cells differentiate into primary germ layers called the _______, _______, and ________
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
68
the ____ forms the CNS, special senses, skin and glands
ectoderm
69
the ________ forms skeletal, urinary, circulatory, and reproductive organs
mesoderm
70
the ______ forms the respiratory system, liver, pancreas, and digestive system
endoderm
71
the umbilical cord carries ___ _____ and _____
blood flow
nutrients
72
the umbilical cord has 2 _____ and 1 _____
arteries
vein
73
the 2 umbilical arteries carry _____ and ________ blood away from the fetus
waste
deoxygenated
74
the umbilical vein carries _______ blood from the _____ to the ______
oxygenated
placenta
fetus
75
_____ _____ is a thick gelatinous substance that surrounds and cushions the veins
Whartons jelly
76
as the placenta develops, the umbilical cord is also being formed from ______
amnion
77
development of umbilical cord:
_____ ____ attaches embryo to yolk sak
body stalk
78
development of umbilical cord:
body stalk contains blood vessels that extend into ______ _____
chorionic villi
79
development of umbilical cord:
stalk fuses with embryonic portion of placenta to provide _____ pathway from chorionic villi to embryo
circulatory
80
development of umbilical cord:
as body stalk elongates to become the umbilical cord, vessels in cord decrease to _____ large vein and _____ smaller arteries
1
2
81
development of umbilical cord:
_____ ____ prevents compression of cord in utero
Whartons jelly
82
outer, thicker membrane of umbilical cord is called the ______
chorion
83
the chorion membrane surrounds _____ _____ and the _____
amniotic fluid
fetus
84
the ______ is the inner, thinner membrane of the umbilical cord
amnion
85
there's approximately ____L or ____mL of amniotic fluid at term
1
1000
86
amniotic fluid is _______(acidic, alkaline)
alkaline
87
_____ ______ keeps the fetus warm
amniotic fluid
88
amniotic fluid helps the fetus maintain a constant ____ _______
body temp
89
body temp of fetus should be _____F
98.6
90
amniotic fluid permits symmetric _____ and _____
growth
development
91
_____ ____ cushions the fetus from trauma
amniotic fluid
92
amniotic fluid allows the umbilical cord to remain relatively free of _______
compression
93
amniotic fluid promotes fetal _________
movement
94
________ is when there is too much amniotic fluid
polyhydramnios
95
polyhydramnios is more than _____L of amniotic fluid
2
96
polyhydramnios can be caused by malformations of ____ or ___ ____, and ____ _____
CNS or GI tract
maternal diabetes
97
_________ is when there is not enough amniotic fluid
oligohydramnios
98
oligohydramnios is less than ____ cc of amniotic fluid
500
99
oligohydramnios can be caused by _____ _____ or maternal _______
kidney agenesis
hypertension
100
fraternal twins are _____ which means there are 2 eggs
dizygotic
101
identical twins are ______ which means there is 1 egg
monozygotic
102
fraternal (dizygotic) twins arise out of 2 separate ___ and 2 separate _______
ova
spermatozoa
