Conception & Fetal Development

Question 1

Somatic cells determines

Answer 1

physical characteristics

Question 2

somatic cells

Answer 2

Þ 46 chromosomes; 23 pairs (23 from mom, 23 from dad)

Question 3

Genotype

Answer 3

genetic makeup of an organism (makeup of an individuals that is made up of genes from generations (passed down to different generations))

Question 4

Phenotype

Answer 4

observable expression of gene (physical characteristics of an organism)

Question 5

dominant

Answer 5

Describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait.

Question 6

Recessive

Answer 6

An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present (need two copies of allele to be present for it to be expressed)

Question 7

Monosomy

Answer 7

instead of 46 pairs, the baby has 45 pairs

Question 8

Trisomy

Answer 8

47 pairs (one extra pair of chromosomes)

Question 9

multi-factoral disorder

Answer 9

2 distinguished form of defects
o EX: spina bifida and heart defect

Question 10

Turner Syndrome

Answer 10

A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted.

Question 11

Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 11

A chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome, making them XXY instead of XY.

Question 12

gamete

Answer 12

specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction

Question 13

Ovulation

Answer 13

The process of releasing a mature ovum into the fallopian tube each month

Question 14

when does conception occur?

Answer 14

when Ovum (egg) and sperm become united

Question 15

A membrane encloses the fertilized egg and sperm, the membrane is called

Answer 15

zona reaction

Question 16

Fertilization takes place in

Answer 16

ampulla of fertilized tube then it goes to uterus

Question 17

implantation occurs

Answer 17

in 6-10 days after conception this happens (this can cause bleeding/spotting)

Question 18

decidua

Answer 18

the thick layer of modified mucous membrane that lines the uterus during pregnancy and is shed with the afterbirth.

Question 19

ovum from

Answer 19

conception to dAy 14

Question 20

when is it considered an embryo

Answer 20

Þ day 15 to 8 weeks after conception

Question 21

After 8 weeks, the embryo becomes a

Answer 21

fetus

Question 22

what is the most crutial part of development

Answer 22

8 weeks

Question 23

Spermatogenesis

Answer 23

production of sperm

Question 24

Oogenesis

Answer 24

Egg production

Question 25

amniotic fluid

Answer 25

derived from fluid by diffusion from maternal blood at first then at 11 weeks the baby urinates to increase amniotic fluid

Question 26

yolk sac

Answer 26

The yolk sac is an extra-embryonic membrane that provides food for the embryo.

Question 27

umbilical cord

Answer 27

a tube containing the blood vessels connecting the fetus and placenta

Question 28

oligohydramnios

Answer 28

too little amniotic fluid (<300mL)

Question 29

Polyhydraminos

Answer 29

excessive amniotic fluid >1500mL

Question 30

Functions of amniotic fluid

Answer 30

maintain baby body temperature, provided oral fluids, place wastes, fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, free movement and cushion fetus from trauma, and acts as a barrier to infection, allows to help lung maturity

Question 31

how many vessels are in the umbilical cord

Answer 31

3 VESSELS: 2 ARTERIES; 1 VEIN

Question 32

the umbilical cord is surrounded by

Answer 32

Þ Wharton's jelly (protects the 2 arteries and one vein) Þ Twists spirally

Question 33

true knot

Answer 33

baby movement can form a knot and baby could die

Question 34

uchal cord

Answer 34

Umbilical cord around the fetal neck.

Question 35

when is the placenta made

Answer 35

on implementation (6-10 days after conception)

Question 36

functions of the placenta

Answer 36

hormone and enzyme production, nutrient and gas exchange, remove waste from fetus

Question 37

Three shunts in fetal circulation

Answer 37

ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus

Question 38

ductus arteriosus

Answer 38

moves blood from pulmonary artery to aorta o Closes within 24 hours of birth

Question 39

ductus venosus

Answer 39

high O2 blood from liver to inferior vena cava to right atrium o Closes 2-3 months and has no function

Question 40

foramen ovale

Answer 40

bypasses the lungs and moves blood from right atrium to left atrium o Closes immediately after birth

Question 41

week 4 development

Answer 41

- Heart: 2 chambers, valves, and speta forming - Circulation beginning (heart beating 65 BPM) o At the end of week 3 they heart begins to beat, starts off very slowly

Question 42

Week 5 development

Answer 42

AT RISK FOR ANOMALIES IS HIGHEST TO THIS POINT

Question 43

week 8 development

Answer 43

- First indication of bone ossification o MOM SHOULD TAKE EXTRA CALCIUM, otherwise mom may get cavity or tingling of hands and feet

Question 44

when is the heart beat audible with a doppler

Answer 44

12 weeks development

Question 45

when does meconium, begin to collect in the intestines

Answer 45

16 week development

Question 46

when do the sebaceous glands begin to secret vernix

Answer 46

20 week development

Question 47

When does mom start to feel fetal movement

Answer 47

20 weeks (multigravid can feel it at 16 weeks)

Question 48

When is the placenta fully formed?

Answer 48

20 weeks

Question 49

viability

Answer 49

viable at 24 weeks (can be as early at 22 with technology)

Question 50

when does the baby begin to hear and respond to sound inutero

Answer 50

24 weeks

Question 51

When does lecithin form in alveolar surface

Answer 51

28 weeks

Question 52

RATIO FOR LUNG MATURITY IN BABY

Answer 52

2:2.5 (L/S RATIO)

Question 53

Dizygotic

Answer 53

Þ : two mature ova (eggs) are released and two DIFFERENT sperm with fertilize the eggs (they look nothing alike because its two eggs with two separate sperms)

Question 54

Dizygotic placenta

Answer 54

o They will have two separate placentae, but they can be joined in the middle

Question 55

Monozygotic

Answer 55

Þ one egg (ovum) release and one sperm that fertilized one egg but then it DIVIDES INTO TWO (this is identical twins of the same sex)

Question 56

Monozygotic placenta

Answer 56

o One big placenta with two umbilical cords

Question 57

Conjoined

Answer 57

monozygotic, but something went wrong during division and they may share one body.

Question 58

Triplets

Answer 58

could be two eggs and one divides or one egg dividing three times.