Concepts Flashcards
(18 cards)
ID
Instinct:
- present from birth
- driven by desire for immediate gratification
- influences behavior as a child (crying for food), but adults should grow to control in order to be socially accepted
Ego
Reality:
- develops to control the impulses of the id
- operates on the reality principle through cost/benefit analysis and delayed gratification; rationalization
- provides individual with grounding, direction, guidance
Superego
Morality:
- develops around age 5
- operates as our moral standards; helps to determine right or wrong as determined by society and our parents
- comprised of the conscience (feelings of guilt); and the ego ideal (behavior the individual aspires to)
Introversion
Seek less stimulation
Recharge, reflect in quiet
Think before speaking
Value 1:1 friendships
Favor independence
Avoid: the center of attention
Value deep experience
Extraversion
Seek greater stimulation
Energize around people
Think out loud
Large social network
Thrive in teams, crowds
Enjoy: center of attention
Value broad experience
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
from top to bottom:
Self actualization (desire for one to become the most that they can be)
Esteem (respect, self-esteem, status, recognition)
Love and belonging (Friendship, intimacy, family, sense of connection)
Safety needs (personal security, employment, health, property)
Physiological needs (air, water, food, shelter, sleep, clothing, reproduction)
Nature
Some psychologists believe that heredity has had a direct impact on behaviour patterns.
Genetics can provide the potential for certain behaviours and traits.
Genetics can also limit a person’s potential.
Nurture
Some psychologists believe that environmental factors has had a direct impact on behaviour patterns.
Behaviorism was primarily concerned with observable actions and how they arose from environmental factors
Other well-known thinkers, such as John Locke, believed in what is known as tabula rasa which suggests that the mind begins as a blank slate. According to this notion, everything that we are is determined by our experiences.
regardless of their genetic background.
Intrinsic motivation
Type: desire to perform a task for its own sake
Extrinsic motivation
Type: desire to perform a task for reward
Biological motivation
Category: innate, physical needs such as hunger and thirst
Social motivation
Category: focuses on learned, psychological needs such as praise and success
Type: Episodic
Memory of autobiographical events. It is the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place.
Type: Semantic
a portion of long-term memory that processes ideas and concepts that are not drawn from personal experience. Includes things that are common knowledge, such as the names of colors, the sounds of letters, the capitals of countries and other basic facts acquired over a lifetime.
Type: Procedural
part of the long-term memory that is responsible for knowing how to do things, also known as motor skills. Stores information on how to perform certain procedures, such as walking, talking and riding a bike.
Level: Sensory
- Receives information through the environment through the sense (sight, touch, hearing, smell, taste)
- Records info from senses for only a few seconds
- Allows you to hold information long enough to record what is necessary from the environment
Level: Short-term
- if information catches your attention, it could get passed on to your short term memory
- holds info for up to 15-20 seconds
- working with this info will make it stay longer
- can store 7 unorganized, separate items (phone numbers)
Level: Long-term
- stores information that is important and have meaning to you
- We can retain this information for as long as we want, but we can’t always remember it
