Theorists Flashcards
(6 cards)
Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs- When all other basic needs are satisfied (i.e. food, water, safety, love, etc), an individual can focus on “self-actualization”– for Maslow, this was the pinnacle of human existence (experience pure joy, responsibility, appreciation for the world around them, independent, problem-solvers, open, spontaneous, creative)– ultimately, he sees this as the best version of one’s self.
Pavlov
Classical Conditioning- Pavlov began conducting experiments where he would ring a bell and then feed the dogs. Over time, the dogs would begin to associate the sound of the bell with getting fed; eventually, just the sound of the bell would initiate an involuntary response of salivating.
Skinner
Operant Conditioning- Through either positive reinforcement (i.e. a treat) or negative reinforcement (i.e. an electric shock), he found that he could reinforce certain behaviours. The subject (rat/pigeon) would associate the behaviour and the consequence of doing or not doing the behaviour. This is called operant conditioning.
Freud
Proposed that human behaviour is influenced by unconscious memories, thoughts, and urges
Developed the concepts of the id, ego, and superego
Believed dreams gave insight into a person’s consciousness
Contributed talk therapy to the field of psychology
Jung
Came up with concept of introversion and extraversion
Focus on the individual’s unconscious mind
Developed the theory of collective unconscious (shared myths, beliefs, images shared across cultures)
Known for his contributions to the study of personality introverts and extroverts
Created the Jungian Archetypes (the persona, the shadow, anima/animus, and the self.)
Piaget
influential DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGIST
According to Piaget All children go through FOUR stages before they achieve their full cognitive abilities as adults. (sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational)
