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Databases > Concepts and Architecture > Flashcards

Concepts and Architecture Flashcards

1
Q

Client module

A

Runs on mobile device, PC or workstation

Handles user interaction

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2
Q

Server module

A

Handles data storage, access, search, etc.

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3
Q

Data abstraction

A

Suppression of details of organization and storage

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4
Q

Data model

A

Collection of concepts that describe the structure of the database

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5
Q

Representational data models

A

Hybrid of high level and low level models detailing how a database works

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6
Q

Entity

A

real world object or concept described in the database

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7
Q

Attribute

A

Property of interest that describes an entity

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8
Q

Relationship

A

Association of entities

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9
Q

Access path

A

search structure that makes searching efficient

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10
Q

Index

A

access path that allows direct access to the data

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11
Q

Database schema

A

description of a database specified during database design

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12
Q

Schema diagram

A

displayed database schema

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13
Q

Schema construct

A

Individual object in the schema

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14
Q

Database state or snapshot

A

Data in database at a particular moment in time

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15
Q

Current set of instances

A

Data in database at a particular moment in time

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16
Q

Database states

A

Empty state - no data
Initial state - first populated with data
Valid state - state that satisfies the structure and constraints of the schema
Current state - what data the database currently has

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17
Q

Meta-data

A

Description of schema constructs and constraints

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18
Q

Intension

A

Database schema

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19
Q

Extension

A

Database state

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20
Q

Schema evolution

A

Changes to the schema

21
Q

Three Schema Architecture

A

Internal level - has internal schema (describes the physical storage structure of the database)

Conceptual level - conceptual schema (describes the structure of the database for a community of users)

External level - external schemes or user views (describes part of the database that a particular group is interested in)

22
Q

Mappings

A

Transforming requests into results

23
Q

Data independence

A

Capacity to change the schema at one level of a database without changing it anywhere else

24
Q

Logical data independence

A

Changing conceptual schema without changing external schemes or applications

25
Q

Physical data independence

A

Capacity to change the internal schema without having to change the conceptual schema

26
Q

Data Definition Language (DDL)

A

If no strict separation of levels exists, the language used to define conceptual and external schema

27
Q

Storage Definition Language (SDL)

A

Specifies internal schema

[Not used in today’s DBMS]

28
Q

View Definition Language (VDL)

A

Defines user or application views

29
Q

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

A

Language or set of operations to manipulate data in the database

30
Q

High Level DML (Non-procedural)

A

Specifies complex database operations precisely

Input by users usually. Set-oriented, declarative. Can retrieve many records.

31
Q

Low Level DML (Procedural)

A

Must be embedded in a general purpose programming language.

Retrieves records one at a time.

32
Q

If a DML is embedded in another language, it is

A

the data sublanguage

33
Q

If a language has DML embedded in it, it is

A

the host language

34
Q

Database System Utilities

A

Loading
Backup
Database Storage Reorganization
Performance Monitoring

35
Q

Data Dictionary System

A

Data Repository System, Information Repository

Stores catalog info, design decisions, usage standards, application descriptions, user information

36
Q

Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)

A

Provides API to let the client call on the server

37
Q

Big Data System examples

A

Key-value storage systems, NOSQL systems

38
Q

Relational Data Model examples

A

SQL Systems

39
Q

What data model is XML?

A

tree-structured data model

40
Q

How to classify DBMSes

A
  • Data model
  • Number of users
  • Number of distributed sites
  • Cost
  • Types of access paths
41
Q

Federated DBMS

A

Multidatabase systems, which are loosely coupled and have a degree of local autonomy

42
Q

Relational Data Model

A

Data is stored in a collection of tables

43
Q

Object Data Model

A

Defined by objects, their properties and operations

44
Q

Column-based Data Model

A

Data stored in columns of rows

45
Q

Document Data Model

A

Based on JSON, stores data as documents

46
Q

Network Model

A

Data as record types and set types

47
Q

Set Types

A

Limited type of 1:N relationships

48
Q

Hierarchical Model

A

Data as hierarchical tree structures

Databases (5 decks)

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