Concepts and Terminology Flashcards
(35 cards)
Describe the anterior region of the body
Describe the posterior region of the body
List the anatomical planes of the body
Coronal plane
Sagittal plane
Prasagittal plane
Transverse/horizontal plane
Describe coronal plane
Orientated vertically and divide the body into anterior and posterior parts
Desrcibe sagittal planes
oriented vertically but are at right angles to the coronal planes and divide the body into right and left parts.
Describe medial sagittal plane
The plane that pases through the centre of the body dividing it into equal right and left halves
Describe the parasagittal plane
A plane situated along side the medial plane
Describe transverse/horizontal plane
Divide the body into superior and inferior parts
What are the terms used to describe location relative to the body/other parts
- Anterior
- Posterior
- Medial
- Lateral
- Superior
- Inferior
a) Describe the term anteroior
b) Describe the term posterior
a) Describes the position of structures relative to the “front” of the body
b) Describe the postition os structures relative to the “back” of the body
a) Describe the anatomical term medial
b) Describe the anatomical term lateral
a) Describes the postion of structures relative to the median sagittalplane
b) Describes the position of the side of the body/away from the midline
a) Describe the anatomical term ‘superior’
c) Describe the anatomical term ‘inferior’
a) Towards the head - in refernce to the vertical axis
b) Towards the feet - in reference to to the vertical axis
Describe the anatomical terms used to describe location on limbs
- Proximal - the nearer the area to the point of attachment the more PROXIMAL it is
- Distal - the further the area to the point of attachment the more DISTAL it is
a) What terms are used to describe the relative positions of two structures with rspect to the surface of the body (depth)
b) What do they mean?
a) 1. Deep
2. Superficial
b) 1. Deep = deeper and less close to surface
2. Superficial =shallower (less deep and closer to surface)
Describe 3 main roles of the skeleton
- Provides support for soft tissues
- Protects internal organs
- Aids body movements
a) What is a joint?
b) Describe 4 main types of joints in the body
a) The articulation where a bone meets another bone
b) 1. Bony joints - the bones are cnnected by bone
2. Fibrous joints - the bones are connected by fibres
3. Carilaginous joints - the bones are connected by cartilage
4. Synovial joints
What type of joint are all major joints of the limb?
Synovial joints
Describe the structure of a synovial joint
- The smooth articular surfaces of the bones are covered in hyaline cartilage
- A joint capsule surrounds the joint and usually contains supoortavie ligaments
- Inside the joint capsule is lined by synovial membrane
- Synovial membrane secretes synovial fulid
What is the main role of the synovial fluid?
To nourish and protect the joint
a) How many major synovial joint are there?
b) How are they classified?
a) 6
b) By the shape of the bones, forming the joint, as well as the movement available at each joint
Name the 6 major types of synovial joints and give an example for each
- Hinge joint e.g. elbow, knww
- Ball and socket e.g. gleno-humeral joint
- Saddle joint e.g. CMC joint of thumb
- Pivot joint e.g. radioulnar joint
- Plane/Gliding e.g. inetrcarpal joints
- Ellipsoid e.g. intercarpal joints
Name the synovial joint
Describe a muscle
Muscle is a tissue that genertaed movemevent by contracting or relaxing
How do muscles move joint
- To have an action, a msucle must have at least two attachment
- a muscle will have an action att every joint it crosses
