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Health Assessment > Concepts Exam 1 > Flashcards

Concepts Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

CCN Handbook

A

Go to nursing.ua.edu
Scroll over undergraduate tab
Click on CCN student handbook
Click on the link

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2
Q

Resolution of Concerns

A

Course Faculty–>Course Leader–> Assistant Dean of Undergraduate Programs–> Senior Associate Dean for Academic Programs–>Dean

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3
Q

Nurses

A

Respond to the needs of patients
Actively participate in policy
Respond and adapt to challenges
Make clinical judgments and decisions about patients’ health care needs based on knowledge, experience, and standards of care

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4
Q

Nursing

A

Care is provided according to standards of practice and a code of ethics

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5
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

“mother of nursing”
Organized the first school of nursing
First epidemiologist
First nurse researcher
Improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals
Continues to influence todays practices especially in health education and health promotion

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6
Q

The Civil War (1861 to 1865)

A

prompted the growth of nursing in the United States

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7
Q

The Twentieth Century

A

movement toward scientific. research based practice and defined body of knowledge

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8
Q

The Twenty-First Century

A 
Nursing code of ethics
Changes in Curriculum
Nursing in multiple care settings-hospice, hospitals, research, community
Advances in technology and informatics
End of life care
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9
Q

CEU’s

A

Continuing Education Units
24 every two years
maintain license

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10
Q

Changes in society lead to changes in nursing

A 
health care reform
demographic changes
medically underserved
threat of bioterrorism
rising health care costs
nursing shortage
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11
Q

Nursing as a Profession

A 
5 primary characteristics:
Requires an extended education
Requires a body of Knowledge
Provides a specific service
Has autonomy: ability to make decisions, must be responsible for
Incorporates a code of ethics
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12
Q

Scope and Standards of Practice

A

the goals is to improve the health and well being of all individuals, communities, and populations through the significant and visible contributions of registered nursing using standards-based practice
6 standards of practice

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13
Q

10 standards of professional performance

A

ethics, education, evidence-based practice and research, leadership, collaboration, communication, quality of practice, professional practice evaluation, resources, environmental health

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14
Q

Magnent Status

A

Hospitals are best of the best

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15
Q

Code of ethics

A

code of ethics is the philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define principles used to provide care

Accepted by all members of a profession

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16
Q

Nursing Eduaction

A

Professional RN education:
2-year associate’s degree
4-year baccalaureate degree

Graduate Education:
Master’s degree, advanced practice RN
Doctoral Degress

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17
Q

***Nursing Practice: Definition

A

Nurses:
Protect, promote, and optimize our patients’ health
Prevent illness and injury
Alleviate suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human responses
Advocate for the care of our patients

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18
Q

Nurse Practice Act

A 
Licensure and Certification: NCLEX
Science and art of nursing practice
Benner's stages of nursing proficiency:
Novice: 6 months
Advanced Beginner
Competent: 1 year mark
Proficient
Expert: 5 years
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19
Q

Professional Responsibilites

A

PAST: to provide care and comfort
NOW: to provide care and comfort AND to emphasize health promotion and illness prevention

Affordable care act drove health promotion and illness prevention

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20
Q

Career Development

A

Nursing provides an opportunity for you to commit to life long learning and career development

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21
Q

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)

A 
Patient Centered Care
Teamwork
Evidence Based practice
Quality Improvment
Safety
Informatics
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22
Q

Challenges to Health Care

A
  1. Reducing health care cost while maintaining high-quality care for patients
  2. Improving access and coverage for more people
  3. Encouraging healthy behaviors
  4. Earlier hospital discharges result in more patients needing nursing homes or home care
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23
Q

Emphasis on Population Wellness

A

Health Services pyramid:
Managing health instead of illness
Emphasis on wellness
Injury prevention programs

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24
Q

Tertiary Health Care

A

Acute care; in hospitals

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25
Secondary Health Care
identification of disease; breast cancer screenings to identify mass
26
Primary Health Care
Prevention based; prevention teaching focuses on improved health outcomes for an entire population
27
Clinical Preventive Services
overlap with primary
28
Population-based health care services
overlap with primary
29
cost on pyramid
least to greatest in cost; tertiary is greatest
30
National Academy of Medicine
nurses need to lead the way; they need to be the change; pushes for nurses to get masters and doctorates Push nurses to do more
31
Professional standards review organizations (PSROs)
created to review quality of healthcare on medicare and medicaid
32
Utilization review Committes (URs)
if a test was ordered and they didn't need it, they didn't pay; for medicare patients An assessment of the appropriateness and economy of an admission to a health care facility or a continued hospitalization
33
Prospective Payment System(PPS)
1983 eliminated cost based reimbursement hospital gets a certain amount of money and they must treat them with that; amount does not change no matter how ling you stay
34
Profitability
What the hospitals make when they get you discharged
35
Managed Care
private insurance
36
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)
1. provided access to healthcare for all 2. reduce costs 3. improve quality 4. drives promoting health care expanded medicaid some states opted out; provides penalties to employers who have more than 50 employees
37
Joint Commission
accreditation for hospitals; hospitals must earn looking at the care the hospitals provide Preventive, primary, secondary, tertiary, restorative, continuing
38
Health Promotion
lowers overall costs, reduces incidents of disease, minimize complications, occurs in home, work and community settings
39
Fastest growing age group of uninsured?
young adults
40
Restorative Care
Cardiac rehab 1. serves patients recovering from an acute or chronic illness/disability 2. Promotes patient independence and self care abilities rehab services
41
Continuing Care
people who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering a terminal disease
42
respite care
taking someone to an inpatient facility for the weekend; giving the care givers a break
43
Evidence based practice
driving force behind what you do as a nurse;
44
Future of Health Care
1. change opens up opportunities for improvement 2. address needs for uninsured and the underserved 3. change depends largely on the active practice of nurses
45
Theory
foundation of the art and science of nursing Theory, research, and practice are bound together in a continuous interactive relationship
46
Theory cont
helps explain an event by: | defining ideas or concepts, explaining relationships among the concepts, and predicting outcomes
47
Nursing Theory
is a conceptualized of some aspect of nursing and describes, explains, predicts, and/or prescribes nursing care
48
Components of a theory
Phenomenon, concepts, definitions, and assumptions
49
Phenomenon
describes the idea or the responses on an event; helps describe the event
50
Concepts
Label the phenomenon
51
Definitions
Theoretical/Conceptual: define a particular concept- What is pain?? Operational: measure- rate your pain on a scale from 0-10 think about pain
52
Assumptions
things within a theory taken for granted
53
Domain of Nursing
Perspective of the nursing profession; why we do what we do
54
Paradigm
conceptual framework; why we do the things we do
55
Nursing Metaparadigm
all the things that encompass nursing; person, health, environment/situation, nursing
56
curriculum era
1900-1940s
57
research era
1950-1970s
58
graduate education
1950-1970s
59
nursings journals era
1980-1990s
60
Theory Utilization era
2000s-today
61
Types of Theory
Grand, middle range, practice theories
62
Grand Theories
Broad in scope, complex Focuses on the whole
63
Middle Range Theories
limited in scope, less abstract
64
Practice Theory
narrow in scope and focus certain intervention
65
descriptive
describe and identify phenomena in which it occurs
66
prescriptive
predict the consequences, address nursing interventions for a phenomena
67
Nursing Knowledge
derived from basic and nursing sciences, experience, aesthetics, nurses' attitudes, and standards of practice
68
Nursing Knowledge
derived from basic and nursing sciences, experience, aesthetics, nurses' attitudes, and standards of practice theoretical ad experiential
69
Nursing Process
input: patient assessment after you implement different things output: patients health status for returning to the environment feedback: successful or unsuccessful
70
Hildegarde Peplau
1952 Theory of Interpersonal Relationships Relations built between nurse, patient and family Development of nurse-patient relationship
71
Virginia Henderson
1955 Need Theory 14 basic needs of individuals framing nursing care around the needs of the individual
72
Martha Rogers
1970 Unitary Human Beings developed a conceptual model of nursing that focused on the impact of energy fields and patterns have in nurse, patient, and environmental interactions
73
Dorothea Orem
1971 2001 Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory focuses on patients self-care needs goal is for patient to manage his or her own health problems Nurse assess why people cant do basic needs
74
Betty Neuman
1974 2010 System Model based on stress and the patient's reaction to the stressor
75
Sister Calista Roy
1976 1989 Adaptation Model goal of nursing is to help the person adapt to changes in physiological needs, self concept, role function, and interdependent relations during health and illness.
76
Madeleine Leininger
1978 2010 Transcultural Nursing Theory Focused on cultural diversity, societal structure factors such as religion, politics, culture, and traditions are significant forces affecting care and influencing the patient's health and illness.
77
Jean Watson
1979 Theory of Caring Promoting and restoring health and preventing illness defines the outcome of nursing activity with regard to the humanistic aspects of life
78
Patricia Benner & Judith Wrubel
1989 Primary of Caring Caring is central to nursing and creates possibilities for coping, enables possibilities for connecting with others and allows giving and receiving help.
79
Florence Nightingale
1860 Environment Oriented toward providing fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet and adequate nutrition
80
Research
validates and supports what we do
81
Evidence-Based Care
improves quality, safety, and patient outcomes increase nurse satisfaction reduce costs
82
Evidence- Based Practice
is the conscientious use of current best evidence in making decisions about patient care Come from a lab, research, surveys, people at bed side, clinical expertise, patient satisfaction
83
Sources of Evidence
Textbooks, articles, standards of care, infection control data, clinicians expertise cinahl and medline Current the better, past 5 years- best, most recent Over ten, don't look at
84
Steps of Evidence Based Practice
0. Cultivate a spirit of inquiry 1. Ask a clinical question in PICOT format 2. Search for the most relevant evidence 3. Critically appraise the evidence you gather 4. Integrate all evidence with your clinical expertise and patient preferences and values 5. Evaluate the outcomes of practice decisions or changes using evidence 6. Share the outcomes with others
85
Cultivate a spirit of inquiry
commitment to providing the best care
86
PICOT
``` P=Patient population of interest I=intervention of interest C=comparison of interest O= Outcome T=Time ```
87
Collecting Evidence
ask experts for help; medical librarian can identify databases for you
88
Elements of an article
Abstract, introduction, literature review, manuscript narrative
89
integrating evidence
teaching, assessment or documentation tools, clinical practice guidelines, policies and procedures.
90
applying evidence
consider setting, staff support, scope of practice, resources
91
Share Outcomes with others
it is important to communicate the results
92
Nursing Research
a way to identify new knowledge, improve professional education and practice, and use resources effectively
93
Outcomes research
helps patients, health care providers, and those in health care policy make informed decisions on the basis of current evidence
94
Scientific Method
step by step process to ensure findings from a study are valid and reliable
95
Standards of Practice
``` Assessment Diagnosis Outcomes identification Planning Implementation Evaluation ```

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