CONCEPTS OF LABORATORY BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY; CLASSIFICATION OF RISKS GROUPS AND AMP MODEL Flashcards
(28 cards)
Recommends an agent risk group
classification for laboratory use
WHO
Through the classification, infective
microorganisms are classified as
Risk Group 1, 2, 3, 4
Microorganisms that are unlikely to cause human or animal disease, low individual risk
Risk Group 1
Microorganisms that are unlikely to be a
significant risk to laboratory workers and the community. Moderate individual risk
Risk Group 2
Microorganisms that are known to cause
serious disease to humans and animals,
High individual risk, limited to
moderate risk
Risk Group 3
Microorganisms known to produce a
life-threatening diseases to humans and
animals. High individual and community risk
Risk Group 4
Biosafety levels:
Biosafety level 1, 2, 3, 4
Suitable for work involving viable microorganisms known not to cause disease in humans.
Ex: Bacillus subtilis, Naegleria gruberi, infectious canine,
hepatitis virus. This level is most appropriate among undergraduate and secondary educational training
laboratories
Biosafety level 1 (BSL-1)
Designed for laboratories that deal with indigenous moderate-risk agents.
Ex: Hepatitis B virus, HIV, toxoplasma, salmonella. Appropriate when work is done with human blood, fluids, tissues
Biosafety level 2 (BSL-2)
Primary and secondary barriers in the protection of the personnel/community from exposure. Indigenous/exotic agents w/ potential of respiratory transmission. May cause serious and lethal infection.
Ex: Mycobacterium, tuberculosis, encephalitis virus.
Personnel must be supervised by scientists
Biosafety level 3 (BSL-3)
Dangerous and exotic agents, highindividual risks, life-threatening, no treatment/vaccines available.
Ex: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Marburg virus. This laboratory is completely isolated/separated
Biosafety level 4 (BSL-4)
Risk associated to biological toxins/infectious agents
Biorisk
A system or process to control safety and security risks associated with handling/storage and disposal of
biological agents
Biorisk Management (BRM)
3 components of BRM:
-Assessment
- Mitigation
- Performance
AMP model (WHO, 2010)
Focuses on all components with equal attention
AMP model, like a 3-legged chair
Initial step in implementing biorisk
management, identification of hazards
and characterization of risks
Risk Assessment
In performing risk assessment, there are 4 steps:
- Define the situation
- Define the risks
- Characterize the risk
- Determine if risks are acceptable or not
Second fundamental component,
measures the action and control
measures to reduce and eliminate the risk
Mitigation
Hierarchy of Controls: (5)
- Most difficult and effective control measure, highest degree of risk reduction
Elimination
Hierarchy of Controls: (5)
2nd control measure, replacement of the procedures/biological agent with similar entity to reduce the risk
Substitution
Hierarchy of Controls: (5)
3rd control measure, physical changes in work stations, equipment, facilities.
Ex: centrifuge, autoclave, machines w/indicator)
Engineering controls
Hierarchy of Controls: (5)
4th control measure, refers to polices, standards, displaying of biohazards and warning signages and labels
Administrative controls
Hierarchy of Controls: (5)
Last mitigation control measure, devices worn by workers for protection (least effective)
Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs)
Last Pillar of biorisk management, involves a systematic process to achieve objectives and goals
Performance evaluation
