Condensed Lecture from Biological Molecules

Question 1

recognized as the most diverse among biomolecules | believed to be the central compound necessary for life | called as Life’s Building Blocks

Answer 1

proteins

Question 2

how many percent of organism’s weight is composed and can be attributed to protein?

Answer 2

75%

Question 3

amino acid that cannot be produced by our body

Answer 3

essential amino acid

Question 4

name the essential amino acids

Answer 4

HISTIDINE
ISOLEUCINE
LEUCINE
METHIONINE
PHENYLALANINE
THREONINE
TRYPTOPHAN
VALINE
LYSINE

Question 5

amino acid that can be produced by out body

Answer 5

nonessential amino acid

Question 6

name the nonessential amino acids

Answer 6

ALANINE
ASPARTATE
CYSTEINE
GLUTAMATE

Question 7

amino acids that are not vital but may become urgent during health crisis and stress

Answer 7

conditional amino acid

Question 8

name the conditional amino acids

Answer 8

ARGININE
ASPARGININE
GLUTAMINE
GLYCINE
PROLINE
SERINE
TYROSINE

Question 9

explain the process on how proteins are formed from amino acids

Answer 9

body - brain - DNA instruction
DNA - mRNA
instruction from mRNA to build proteins

Question 10

the simplest structure of all protein | composed of a linear sequence of amino acid

Answer 10

primary structure

Question 11

3d shape created by several hydrogen bonds

Answer 11

secondary structure

Question 12

the first 2 pattern of secondary structure were created by

Answer 12

Linus Pauling and Robert Corey in 1951

Question 13

3d shape either fibrous or globular

Answer 13

tertiary structure

Question 14

proteins with one more polypeptide

Answer 14

quaternary structure

Question 15

contain coded instructions for cellular activities such as growth and reproduction death and production and acceptance of certain substances | specifies the right sequence of amino acids to create a particular protein

Answer 15

DNA

Question 16

encoding and decoding and regulating the expression of genes, depending on the type of DNA present

Answer 16

RNA

Question 17

an RNA that serves as a temporary copy of a gene in the DNA

Answer 17

mRNA

Question 18

translates the sequence of nucleic acids in a gene to create the correct sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

Answer 18

tRNA

Question 19

forms peptide bonds between amino acids in a polypeptide

Answer 19

rRNA

Question 20

sugar that does not contain oxygen

Answer 20

deoxyribose

Question 21

two carbon nitrogen ring bases

Answer 21

purines: adenine and guanine

Question 22

one carbon nitrogen base

Answer 22

thymine and cytosine

Question 23

special nucleotide that is incorporated in the nucleic acid | battery that produces the highest source of energy in cells

Answer 23

ATP

Question 24

a series of chemical reactions in the body that converts food into energy

Answer 24

metabolism

Question 25

refer to the sequence of enzyme catalyzed reactions that lead to the conversion of a substance into a final product

Answer 25

metabolic pathways

Question 26

process involving the breakdown of molecules to release energy

Answer 26

catabolism

Question 27

examples of catabolism

Answer 27

polysaccharide to monosaccharide

Question 28

process that requires and consumes energy to allow the building process to start

Answer 28

anabolism

Question 29

examples of anabolism

Answer 29

mineralization of bones from inorganic substances

Question 30

organic catalysts that regulates and controls the metabolic pathways

Answer 30

enzymes

Question 31

components of an enzyme

Answer 31

apoenzyme cofactor

Question 32

protein, proenzyme when inactive and is a polypeptide or protein part of the enzyme

Answer 32

apoenzyme

Question 33

non protein, assists apoenzymes in their biological activities

Answer 33

cofactor

Question 34

not permanently bound and supplies positive charges to the enzymes

Answer 34

metal ion activators

Question 35

organic molecules that usually come from the vitamins that we take everyday and temporarily binds to apoenzymes

Answer 35

coenzymes

Question 36

binds to apoenzymes permanently and can either be metal ions and organic molecules

Answer 36

prosthetic cofactors

Question 37

apoenzyme + cofactor = ?

Answer 37

holoenzyme

Question 38

molecules that an enzyme works on

Answer 38

substrate

Question 39

pocket or groove where the chemical reaction takes place

Answer 39

active site

Question 40

substrate temporarily binds to active site held in by hydrogen and ionic bonds

Answer 40

enzyme-substrate complex

Question 41

Part of coenzyme cocarboxylase: has several functions, including metabolism of pyruvate

Answer 41

B1 Thiamine

Question 42

Coenzyme in Flavoproteins; helps transfer electrons

Answer 42

B2 Riboflavin

Question 43

Coenzyme in Amino Acid Metabolism

Answer 43

B6 Pyridoxine

Question 44

Helps transfer methyl group, active in amino acid metabolism

Answer 44

B12 Cyanocobalamin

Question 45

Part of Nicotinic Acid Dinucleotide (NAD) molecule; helps transfer electrons

Answer 45

Niacin Nicotinic Acid

Question 46

Part of coenzyme A; metabolism of pyruvate and lipids

Answer 46

Panthothenic Acid

Question 47

Helps in carbon dioxide fixation reaction and fatty acid synthesis

Answer 47

Biotin

Question 48

Coenzyme involved in synthesis of purines and pyrimidines

Answer 48

Folic Acid

Question 49

Coenzyme involved in cellular and molecular synthesis

Answer 49

Vitamin E

Question 50

Coenzyme used in electron transport (naphthoquinones & quinones)

Answer 50

Vitamin K