Parts of the Cell Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
specialized structures or organs inside a cell
A
organelles
2
Q
“little organs”
A
organelles
3
Q
holds the cell together
encloses the cell, separates it from the external environment
A
cell membrane
4
Q
AKA plasma membrane
A
cell membrane
5
Q
composed of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins and carbohydrates
A
cell membrane
6
Q
actively regulates the kind of substance that goes in and out of the cell
A
cell membrane
7
Q
have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts
A
amphipathic
8
Q
head
A
hydrophilic
9
Q
tail
A
hydrophobic
10
Q
found in between phospholipid
A
cholesterol
11
Q
causes fluidity in the cell membrane
A
cholesterol
12
Q
acts as a buffer
A
cholesterol
12
Q
they work together to maintain the cell membrane fluidity
A
phospholipid and cholesterol
13
Q
macromolecular peptides composed of many peptide-bonded amino acids
A
proteins
14
Q
transport the materials across the membrane specially if it has a hard time passing through the membrane
A
proteins
15
Q
2 types of protein
A
peripheral and integral
16
Q
only on the surface
A
peripheral
17
Q
cross the bilayer
A
integral
18
Q
“sugar molecules”
A
carbohydrates
19
Q
main source of energy for the body
A
carbohydrates
20
Q
stabilize the cell membrane and an important factor in cell recognition
A
carbohydrates
21
Q
membrane proteins with attached carbohydrates
A
glycoproteins
22
Q
lipids with attached carbohydrate chain
A
glycolipids
23
Q
maintain the stability of the cell membrane and to facilitate cellular recognition
A
glycolipids
24
molecules that comprise protein and carbohydrate chains that are involved in many physiological functions including immunity
glycoproteins
25
model of the cell membrane is how scientists describe what the cell membrane looks and functions
fluid mosaic model
26
what year was the model of fluid mosaic created?
1972
27
who created the model of fluid mosaic?
Seymour Jonathan Singer and Garth L. Nicolson
28
lipid molecules can move laterally across membrane together with the irregularly arranged proteins
fluid mosaic
29
cell organelles outside the nucleus
cytoplasm
30
jelly like, composed of water and dissolved substances such as salt and proteins and has no form
cytoplasm
31
where the molecules first past through after entering and exiting
cytoplasm
32
responsible for the fluid nature of the cells internal environment and which allows the organelles to suspend dynamically
cytoplasm
33
matrix of the cytoplasm
cytosol
34
semi fluid; surround the cell organelles in eukaryotes
cytosol
35
"cell's skeletons"
cytoskeleton
36
network of rods that support the cell
cytoskeleton
37
helps pull chromosomes apart using Mitosis
cytoskeleton
38
3 parts of cytoskeleton
microfilament, microtubule, intermediate filament
39
contractile protein called...
Actin
40
7 nm
microfilament
41
involved in muscle contraction
microfilament
42
form cleavage furrow during cell division
microfilament
43
25 nm
microtubule
44
globular proteins called...
Tubulin
45
help in the shape of the cell
microtubule
46
form cilia, flagella, centrioles
microtubule
47
10 nm
intermediate filament
48
most stable but the least soluble constituent of cytoskeleton
intermediate filament
49
tough protein fibers attached to desmosomes
intermediate filament
50
provides tensile strength in the cell
desmosomes
51
refers to the maximum stress than an object can withstand before it breaks
tensile strength
52
formed and are only active during cell division
centrioles
53
made up of microtubules in a cylindrical structure
centrioles
54
produces spindle fibers
centrioles
55
pairs : right angles
centrioles
56
help in the separation and transfer of the
replicated genetic materials in the cell
centrioles
57
threadlike structures that you see in
a dividing cell
chromosomes
58
forms spindle apparatus during cell division
centrosome
59
forms spindle apparatus during cell division
centrosome
59
made up of two centrioles in a orthological manner
centrosome
60
primary microtubule organizing centre in animal cells
centrosome
61
regulates cell motility, adhesion and polarity in interphase and facilitates the organizations of the spindle poles during mitosis
centrosome
62
"command center" | "control center" | "cell's brain"
nucleus
63
largest organelle
nucleus
64
enclosed in a double membrane which selectively permits certain materials and compounds to exit
nucleus
65
holds the DNA
nucleus
66
4 parts of nucleus
nuclear membrane/envelope
nucleolus
nucleoplasm
nuclear pores
67
acts as barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
nuclear membrane/envelope
68
important in creating ribosomes
nucleolus
69
helps maintain the shape and structure of the nucleus
nucleoplasm
70
allows small molecules and ions to freely pass or diffuse in and out
nuclear pores
71
"ribosome factory"
nucleolus
72
membrane free organelle found inside the nucleus | spherical in shape | contains fibrils and granules |
nucleolus
73
contain DNA coding for rRNA
fibrils
74
contain rRNA molecules with proteins coming from the cytoplasm
granules
75
"protein factory"
ribosome
76
small dense structure/particle of rRNA and protein | found in all cells | freely in the cytoplasm attached to the ER or as polyribosome
ribosome
77
synthesize proteins that function within the cell
free ribosome
78
synthesize proteins incorporated into cell membranes or exported outside the cell
attached ribosome
79
ribosomes attached to mRNA
polyribosome
80
unit used for the rate of sedimentation
svedberg
81
laboratory instrument that has a rotor that spins really fast | its spinning motion separates components of varying masses
ultracentrifuge
82
"roads" | "highway of the cells"
endoplasmic reticulum
83
membrane bound organelle that forms a network of interconnected sacs called cisterna/cisternae
endoplasmic reticulum
84
appears grainy, produces secretory proteins
rough er
85
produces lipids
smooth er
86
tiny vesicles that comes out to form golgi bodies
endoplasmic reticulum
87
"the shippers" | "the post office"
golgi bodies/apparatus/complex
88
consists of cisternae | works closely with ER | packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location in and out
golgi bodies/apparatus/complex
89
also called convex or forming face
cis face
90
sends vesicles off to other locations within the cell
trans face
91
"clean up crews" | "suicidal bags" | "garbage collector"
lysosomes
92
exclusive organelles for animal cells | carries out intracellular digestion
lysosomes
93
"cell's closet"
vacuole
94
food storage of the cell | disposal site for subs that are not needed by the cell or that could harm it
vacuole
95
"the powerhouse"
mitochondrion
96
double membrane organelle, site of cellular respiration | contain their own DNA and RNA and are able to replicate themselves
mitochondrion
97
outer membrane covering
inner membrane folded many times to create cristae
mitochndrion
98
matrix that contains different enzymes
inside cristae
99
short hair like | attached to the cell surface | propel substances over surface of cell
cilia
100
long hair like projections | motility organelle | propel the cell
flagella
101
several fingerlike folds | increase the surface area of the cell | enables the cell to perform several functions, depending on the type and location of the cell
microvilli
102
additional cell covering | made up of cellulose | maintains the shape of the plant | help regulate the uptake of water
cell wal
103
substance composed of a long chain of carbohydrates
cellulose polyssacharide
104
channels in the cell wall that allow the exchange of substances between adjacent cell
plasmodesmata
105
composed of amino acids and sugars
peptidoglycan
106
primary component of wood
lignin
107
nitrogen containing polysaccharide similar to cellulose | forms a semitransparent substance
chitin
108
specialized root extensions, increase the absorptive capacity of the roots
root hairs
