Conditions Flashcards by Jay Slater

diet in coeliac disease

gluten free

s/o to Matt xo

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which scoring system is used for malnutrition

MUST score

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complication of feeding someone that was previously malnutritioned

what is it

what can it result in

refeeding syndrome

when electrolyte levels shift fatally

arrhythmias, hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia

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is oesophagitis reversible

what does oesophagitis progress to if untreated, is this reversible

yes

barretts oesophagus - no its irreversible

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what can barretts oesophagus predispose

oesophageal adenocarcinoma

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treatment of GORD (2)

PPI eg omeprazole to decrease gastric acid secretion

antacids OTC for symptomatic relief

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what does GORD predispose

oesophagitis (then barretts oesophagus then oesophageal adenocarcinoma)

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what is the cell change form oesophagitis to barretts oesophagus

stratified squamous epithelium to columnar epithelium with goblet cells

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prognosis of oesophageal cancer (good or bad)

v bad

10% 5 year survival

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where does barretts oesophagus occur

lower 1/3 of oesophagus

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which type of oesophageal cancer arises in the upper oesophagus

which virus is it associated with

squamous cell carcinoma

HPV

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curative treatment of oesophageal adenocarcinoma

surgery

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palliative treatment of oesophageal adenocarcinoma(what most people get) (3)

stent to open tube
chemo
radio

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bacterial cause of peptic ulcers

h pylori

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drug cause of peptic ulcers

NSAIDs

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treatment of peptic ulcer

PPI (eg omeprazole) to decrease acid secretion

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is coeliac disease an allergy or autoimmune condition

autoimmune condition against IgA antibody

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what do the villi (finger like projections) look like in coeliac disease

flattened = reduces absorption

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which antibody is present in coeliac disease

anti-TTG

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where is the meckels diverticulum (if you have one)

2 inches long, 2 feet above the iliocaecal valve, in 2% of people (rule of 2s)

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where does UC start/go to

rectum (to ileocaecal valve)

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is UC a thinning or thickening of mucosa

thinning (ulceration)

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IBD

crypt abscesses
continuous inflammation (not patchy)
bloody diarrhoea
neutrophils

ulcerative colitis

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IBD

patchy inflammation 
knife like fissures 
cobblestoning of mucosa
granulomas 
weight loss, anaemia, mouth ulcers

crohns

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where does crohns occur is the inflammation patchy or continuous

anywhere between mouth and anus | patchy inflammation

is crohns a thinning or thickening of mucosa

thickening (UC is ulceration = thinning)

first line treatment of UC

mesalazine

first line treatment of crohns (2)

steroids | stop smoking

what is IBS

GI upset with no pathological problem

treatment of IBS (4)

exercise reduce stress (it aggravates it) diet psych help

risk of untreated appendicitis

peritonitis

bowel cancer screening

qFIT (used to be FOB) | colonoscopy if positive

3 sites of varices caused by portal hypertension in areas of venous/portal anastomosis

oesophagus, umbilicus, rectum

PR bleeding - fresh blood | chronic constipation

haemorrhoids (piles)

diarrhoea treatment (class and example)

antimotility drugs eg loperamide

constipation treatment (2)

lifestyle - exercise, fluids, fibre, fruit | laxatives

what stage of liver pathology from alcohol is irreversible

fibrosis (months-years of drinking)

in alcoholic hepatitis which is raised more ALT or AST

AST (bc they wASTed)

IgM positive biliary duct condition

primary sclerosing cholangitis (autoimmune destruction)

IgM and AMA (antimitochondrial antibody) positive biliary duct condition

primary biliary cholangitis/cirrhosis (autoimmune granulomatous inflammation) antim i tochondrial antibody = pr i mary, b i liary c i rrhosis

painless jaundice

viral hepatitis

which autoimmune condition is associated with ulcerative colitis

primary sclerosing cholangitis

which viral hep is associated with gaymen

hep A

viral hep associated with deers, pigs and rabbits

hep E

which viral hep causes a super infection if occurring alongside hep B

hep D

most common viral hep in UK | can be transmitted from mother to baby, tattoos or blood transfusions

hep C

where does bilirubin come from

break down product of RBC (can be conjugated or unconjugated depending on it its been through the liver or not)

sudden onset epigastric pain that radiates through to back cullens sign/grey turners sign high serum amylase

pancreatitis

what causes inflammation of the pancreas

bile reflux eg gallstones, alcohol (I GET SMASHED)

weight loss and jaundice

pancreatic cancer (causing obstructive jaundice)

treatment of ascites (2)

spironolactone | paracentesis

aetiology of c diff infection

inappropriate antibiotic use (4C antibiotics - coamoxiclav, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, cephalosporins)

treatment of c diff infection (2)

metronidazole PO if moderate vancomycin PO if severe (when its DIFFICULT TO SEE you should take the METRO bc if you use the VAN it might be SEVERE, lol u crash) PO bc it goes straight to the gut = where the infection is

gastroenteritis; reheated rice, profuse vomiting, 6 hours

bacillus cereus

gastroenteritis; under cooked chicken, 48 hours, green diarrhoea

salmonella

gastroenteritis; raw poultry/milk, 5 days, severe abdo pain

campylobacter

gastroenteritis; animal contact, 2 days, bloody diarrhoea, stool culture

enterohaemorrhagic E.coli (ecoli 0157)

gastroenteritis; watery/profuse diarrhoea, kids under 3, outbreaks, PCR on stool (bc its viral)

rotavirus

gastroenteritis; explosive vomiting and diarrhoea, 2 days, highly infectious, do a PCR on stool

norovirus

investigation for ?bacterial gastroenteritis

stool culture

investigation for ?viral gastroenteritis

stool PCR

investigation for ?parasitic gastroenteritis

stool microscopy (can actually see them)

treatment of peritonitis (3)

amoxicillin IV, metronidazole IV and gentamicin IV

what is satiey

the period between meals

what is grehlin

hunger signal

drug treatment of obesity

orlistat

in a direct hernia, will it reappear once you have coughed after being occluded which ring does it travel through/come out of

yes directly out of the superficial ring

in an indirect hernia, will it reappear once you have cough after being occluded which rings does it travel through/come out of

no through the deep then superficial ring

how do you occlude a hernia to test whether its direct or indirect

occlude through the superficial ring then put pressure on the deep ring (direct comes through deep ring so it will not reappear on coughing)

gastroenteritis; traveller, watery profuse diarrhoea

cholera

Conditions Flashcards

(70 cards)