Conduct disorder, Autism Spectrum, and ADHD Flashcards
(56 cards)
What changing areas can be used to assess childhood development?
Theory of mind - attribute beliefs, knowledge and desire to self, whilst understanding other people may hold different beliefs, knowledge and desires. Develops at 10 years.
Emotional development - differentiation, acceptable expression, containment
Social development - play, friendships, social skills
Cognitive development
Physical development - motor and language skills
Moral development
List 3 child factors that promote resilience
Easy temperament and good nature Female (prior to adolescence) Male (during adolescence) Higher IQ Good social skills Empathetic Humour Self-aware of strengths and limitations
List 3 family factors that promote resilience
Warm and supportive parents
Good parent-child relationship
Parental harmony
Valued social role
List 3 environmental factors that promote resilience
Supportive extended family Successful school experience Valued social role Extracurricular activities Member of faith/religious community
What is the importance of resilience in regards to child mental health?
Enhances formulation
Recognises resources the child/family can use
May prevent or inhibit development of mental disorders
How can child attachments be categorised?
Secure Insecure (avoidant) Insecure (anxious) Insecure (ambivalent) Disorganised
Define secure attachment
Child values relationships and is confident of self-worth
Define insecure (avoidant) attachment
Child appears emotionally independent, does not value relationships
Define insecure (anxious) attachment
Self-worth depends on approval from others.
Values relationships, but see them as unreliable.
Develops attention seeking strategies.
Define insecure (ambivalent) attachment
Child values relationships, but is cautious about their safety
Define disorganised attachment
Not self-sufficient, and unable to use relationships
What is conduct disorder
Repetitive and persistent pattern of antisocial and aggressive behaviour that violates age-appropriate societal norms.
What is the prevalence of conduct disorder in the UK?
5-7%
What groups are more at risk of conduct disorder?
Boys
Urban populations
Outline the presentation of conduct disorder
Behaviour causing significant impact on family, peers, and schooling:
- Aggression/cruelty to people and/or animals
- Destruction of property
- Deceitfulness and theft
- Truancy (abstaining from school) and running from home
- Severe provocative or disobedient behavioural
What is the ICD-10 criteria for conduct disorder?
1+ features at a marked level for over 6 months
Describe the illness course and prognosis of conduct disorder
Persistent disorder, esp with younger onset
50% will be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder as adults
Increases risk of social exclusion, poor school achievement, unemployment, crime, and poor relationships
What are the principles for management of conduct disorder?
Case-by-case basis
Multiagency communication
What routine interventions exist for conduct disorder?
Group parent training programmes - for 3-11years
Functional family therapy
Multi systemic therapy - family-based, including school and community
Child-focused programmes
When are pharmacological interventions to be considered in conduct disorder?
Risperidone is considered for short-term management of severely aggressive behaviour in conduct disorder with explore anger and severe emotional dysregulation.
What are the side effects of Risperidone?
Metabolic: weight gain, diabetes
EPSE: akathisia, dyskinesia, dystonia
CV: QTc prolongation
Hormonal: increased PRL
What is Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
A behaviour syndrome characterised by the triad of:
- Inattention
- Hyperactivity
- Impulsiveness
What duration of time must the symptoms be present for a diagnosis of ADHD?
Symptoms should be at developmentally inappropriate levels for 6+ months, and starting before age 7.
Symptoms must occur in at least two settings.
What is the prevalence of ADHD in the UK?
2.4%
