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ODF > Configuring Application Workloads to Use OpenShift Data Foundation File and Block Storage > Flashcards

Configuring Application Workloads to Use OpenShift Data Foundation File and Block Storage Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the purpose of OpenShift Data Foundation storage classes?

A

To provide different storage types to satisfy the storage requirements of applications.

OpenShift Data Foundation configures SCs to support various storage types.

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2
Q

What type of storage do containers use by default in Kubernetes?

A

Ephemeral storage.

Data stored in a container file system is lost when the container crashes or is stopped.

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3
Q

What are the two categories of volume types in Kubernetes?

A
  • Ephemeral volume types
  • Persistent volume types
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4
Q

Name three common types of ephemeral volume types.

A
  • emptyDir
  • configMap
  • secret
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5
Q

What are persistent volumes (PVs) in Kubernetes?

A

Kubernetes resources that abstract users from the details of physical storage and provisioning.

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6
Q

What is the lifecycle of a persistent volume (PV)?

A

Independent of any individual pod that uses them.

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7
Q

What is a PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC)?

A

Kubernetes objects that request PV resources with specific details like size and access mode.

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8
Q

What is the difference between static and dynamic provisioning in Kubernetes?

A
  • Static provisioning requires manual creation of storage volumes and PVs.
  • Dynamic provisioning automatically provisions storage and creates PVs when users create PVCs.
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9
Q

What does the reclaim policy for a PV control?

A

What happens to the PV data when the application releases it.

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10
Q

What are the valid values for the reclaim policy of a PV?

A
  • Delete
  • Retain
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11
Q

What is the purpose of storage classes (SCs) in Kubernetes?

A

To dynamically provision PVs and describe classes of storage offered by the cluster.

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12
Q

Name two characteristics of block storage.

A
  • Presented to the OS as a block device
  • Suitable for high-performance applications
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13
Q

What is an example of a storage type that uses a hierarchical structure of directories?

A

File storage.

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14
Q

What is object storage designed for?

A

Storing large unstructured data accessible through a REST API endpoint.

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15
Q

What does the ‘allowVolumeExpansion’ parameter in a storage class do?

A

Defines whether the storage class enables volume expansion.

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16
Q

What does the OpenShift Data Foundation create to make disk devices available to the Rook-Ceph operator?

A

A storage class commonly named lso-volumeset.

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the ocs-storagecluster-ceph-rbd storage class?

A

Provides block storage using Ceph RADOS Block Device (RBD) technology.

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18
Q

What is the function of the NooBaa operator in OpenShift Data Foundation?

A

Provides the Multicloud Object Gateway (MCG) service for object storage.

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19
Q

What storage type is recommended for the image registry service in OpenShift?

A

Configurable storage.

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20
Q

What is a key characteristic of persistent storage suitable for stateful applications?

A

Data must be preserved beyond the lifetime of individual instances or containers.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: Kubernetes volumes are a directory that is accessible to the containers in a _______.

A

pod.

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22
Q

True or False: PVs can be dynamically provisioned without user intervention.

A

True.

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23
Q

What is the primary purpose of block storage?

A

To provide access to raw block devices for application storage

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24
Q

What technologies are commonly associated with block storage?

A

Storage area network (SAN) and iSCSI technologies

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25
How do block devices function in storage systems?
As independent storage volumes that require formatting and mounting for application access
26
Why is block storage ideal for computationally heavy data workloads?
It allows faster access by communicating at the raw device level
27
What is the role of metadata in block storage?
To provide a unique identification number for each block of data for quick retrieval
28
What must be considered when managing different storage classes in OpenShift Data Foundation?
The appropriate storage class for each component of the application to maximize performance
29
List common application architectures that use block-level access.
* SQL databases * Virtual machines * High-performance data access applications * Server-side processing applications * Multiple block device RAID configurations
30
What is a benefit of using multiple block devices in a RAID configuration?
Increased data integrity and performance
31
What are the benefits of block storage compared to other storage types?
* Low-latency access * Scalable storage capacity * High input/output operations per second (IOPS) * Higher performance * Incremental file updates
32
What limitations does block storage have?
* Requires attachment to a local system or cloud instance * Higher cost when scaling * Inefficient for small files
33
What is the function of the OpenShift container storage (OCS) operator?
To install the required Rook-Ceph operator
34
What services does the Rook-Ceph operator provide?
RADOS block device (RBD) back-end services for block storage
35
What is the role of the Container Storage Interface (CSI) plug-in in OpenShift Data Foundation?
To provide direct OS-level access by containers or virtual machines
36
What is required to configure a Persistent Volume Claim (PVC) in OpenShift Data Foundation?
Specify the block storage class used in the storage requirements
37
What block storage class should be configured for OpenShift Data Foundation?
ocs-storagecluster-ceph-rbd
38
Fill in the blank: The access mode for the PVC in the example is set to _______.
ReadWriteOnce
39
What command is used to view available PVCs in the current namespace?
oc get pvc
40
What status must a PVC show before it can be used in an application?
Bound
41
What does NFS stand for?
Network File System
42
What is the primary purpose of NFS in Red Hat OpenShift?
To allow multiple pods to access shared data simultaneously
43
What are the two supported security options when using NFS volumes?
* sec security mode with sys value * Root squash security feature enabled
44
True or False: NFS storage provides integrated backup solutions.
True
45
List three benefits of using NFS storage.
* Suitable for many workloads * Scales well within Kubernetes * Simplifies access and file sharing across pods
46
What is a limitation of NFS storage compared to other types?
Performance is lower for some workloads
47
What internal system does OpenShift Data Foundation use to manage NFS storage?
CephFS
48
What command is used to patch the storage cluster to enable NFS?
oc patch storageclusters ocs-storagecluster --namespace openshift-storage --type merge --patch '{"spec": {"nfs":{"enable": true}}}'
49
What is the default storage class provided by OpenShift Data Foundation for NFS?
ocs-storagecluster-h-nfs
50
What is the access mode for a PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC) that allows read and write access by a single node?
ReadWriteOnce
51
Fill in the blank: To expose the NFS PVC externally, you must configure a _______ service.
load balancer
52
What is the purpose of the Rook-Ceph operator in OpenShift Data Foundation?
To provide the back-end services for NFS storage
53
What command is used to verify that OpenShift Data Foundation creates the NFS server pods?
oc get pods -n openshift-storage -l ceph_daemon_type=nfs
54
What is the command to check the status of the NFS plugin pods?
oc get pods -n openshift-storage -l app=csi-nfsplugin
55
What is the first step to create a PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC) using NFS storage?
Specify the NFS storage class in the PVC definition
56
True or False: NFS storage is specialized for specific tasks.
False
57
What must you do to access OpenShift data from outside the cluster using NFS?
Expose the NFS PVC through a load balancer service
58
What command retrieves the ingress address for the NFS server from the load balancer service?
oc -n openshift-storage get service cephnfs-lb --output jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[].ip}{" "}'
59
What configuration change is needed to enable NFS after creating the storage cluster?
Edit the storage cluster resource to add the nfs parameter in the spec section
60
List the components of OpenShift Data Foundation that manage NFS storage.
* OpenShift container storage operator * Rook-Ceph operator * Ceph services * NFS CSI plug-in * Storage pools
61
What is the command to create an NFS PVC in OpenShift?
Define a PersistentVolumeClaim with apiVersion, kind, metadata, spec, accessModes, resources, and storageClassName
62
What is the purpose of the OpenShift Data Foundation operator?
To install a set of default storage classes for block, file, and object storage ## Footnote The default storage classes cannot be deleted or modified.
63
What types of storage classes can you create?
Custom storage classes ## Footnote These can adapt to varying storage needs of applications.
64
What are key performance requirements for a weather modeling application?
Fast, low-latency storage with high IOPS ## Footnote Essential for processing vast amounts of meteorological data.
65
What is a cost-effective storage solution suitable for log processing?
A storage class using slower, cheaper storage back ends with minimal replication ## Footnote This can significantly reduce costs.
66
What can organizations do to adapt to changing storage requirements?
Define storage classes with different features ## Footnote This allows switching to better performance or more storage capacity.
67
Who can create custom storage classes?
Users with cluster-admin or storage-admin roles ## Footnote Custom storage classes are globally scoped.
68
What settings can be defined in custom storage classes?
Type of provisioner, reclaim policy, provisioner-related parameters, volume binding modes, volume expansion capabilities, storage pool settings ## Footnote These settings help tailor the storage classes to specific needs.
69
What does the failureDomain setting in CephBlockPool determine?
How the data is replicated ## Footnote When set to host, data is replicated across multiple nodes.
70
What is the purpose of the Create Storage Class form in the web console?
To create custom storage classes ## Footnote Users can set parameters like storage class name, provisioner, and reclaim policy.
71
What command allows you to create a custom storage class from the command line?
YAML configuration for the StorageClass object ## Footnote This includes parameters such as provisioner and reclaim policy.
72
What is a clone in the context of storage volumes?
A duplicate of an existing storage volume ## Footnote Used as a point-in-time copy of the data.
73
What are the requirements for cloning a PVC?
Cloning support for CSI drivers, dynamic provisioners, same or larger capacity, same volumeMode, same namespace ## Footnote Up to 512 clones can be created per PVC.
74
What is necessary to create a PVC clone?
Add a data source that references an existing PVC ## Footnote This is done in the YAML configuration for the PVC.
75
What does OpenShift Data Foundation enable regarding cross storage class clones?
Moving from a higher replica storage class to a lower one ## Footnote This can help in reducing storage costs.
76
What is a single replica storage class?
A non-resilient storage class with no data replication ## Footnote Increases the risk of data loss and requires application-level resilience management.
77
How can you enable the single replica feature in OpenShift Data Foundation?
By patching the StorageCluster object with the enable field set to true ## Footnote This requires specific command-line commands.
78
What happens if an OSD fails in a single replica pool?
Data is lost ## Footnote Applications must be recreated if an OSD fails.

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