Conflict and Tension 1894 - 1918 (quick fire)

Question 1

Who was the leader of Germany between 1914-1918?

Answer 1

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Question 2

What policies did the Kaiser follow?

Answer 2

Weltpolitik (World Policy) Desire for a large empire ( a place in the sun)

Question 3

What mnemonic is used to remember the causes of the First World War?

Answer 3

MANIA (Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, Assassination)

Question 4

What is an example of militarism?

Answer 4

The Anglo-German Naval Race and European countries following rearmament

Question 5

What were the two main alliances called?

Answer 5

The Triple Alliance (1882) and the Triple Entente (1907)

Question 6

Who was in the Triple Alliance? (1882)

Answer 6

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Question 7

Who was in the Triple Entente? (1907)

Answer 7

Britain, France, Russia

Question 8

What is an example of militarism?

Answer 8

The Moroccan Crises (1905 & 1911)

Question 9

What is an example of nationalism?

Answer 9

Bosnian Crisis 1908

Question 10

What is an example of assassination?

Answer 10

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1914)

Question 11

What event follow the assassination?

Answer 11

The July Crisis

Question 12

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

Answer 12

The German plan to surprise attack France through Belgium created in 1905.

Question 13

Why did the Schlieffen Plan fail?

Answer 13

Belgium fights back against the Germans, Britain defend Belgium, Russia mobilises in 10 days.

Question 14

Why did the Schlieffen Plan cause the stalemate to begin?

Answer 14

Neither side can gain the advantage so they build trenches for protection.

Question 15

What was the race to the sea?

Answer 15

British, French and Germans rush north to the coast to try and gain the advantage, expanding the line of trenches on the Western Front.

Question 16

What happened at the Battle of Verdun (1916)?

Answer 16

German forces launch an offensive against the French using a strategy of attrition.

Question 17

What is a strategy of attrition?

Answer 17

Gradually wearing your enemy down with attacks until they surrender.

Question 18

What happened at the Battle of the Somme (1916)?

Answer 18

The British launch an offensive to take pressure off France at Verdun and try to break the stalemate.

Question 19

How did most offensives start during the First World War?

Answer 19

With an artillery bombardment

Question 20

What other tactic was used at the Somme?

Answer 20

Creeping Barrage

Question 21

Why was the British leader Haig criticised for his tactics during the Somme?

Answer 21

Continued to send men ‘over the top’ and did not change his tactics when they failed.

Question 22

What happened at the Battle of Passchendaele?

Answer 22

The British launch an offensive against the Germans to break the stalemate.

Question 23

What made Passchendaele even more difficult for the British?

Answer 23

Heavy rainfall turned No Man’s Land into a muddy swamp making it extremely difficult to walk across.

Question 24

What happened during the Gallipoli Campaign (1916)?

Answer 24

British and ANZAC soldiers attack the Ottoman Empire in an attempt to knock them out of the war and outflank Austria-Hungary

Question 25

Why did the Gallipoli Campaign fail?

Answer 25

Ottoman soldiers were prepared and well defended. The British failed to take land and the extreme cold and heat led to disease spreading amongst the soldiers.

Question 26

What was the purpose of the British Naval Blockade (1914-1918)?

Answer 26

To limit German resources (food, medicine, and petrol) to force them to surrender.

Question 27

When did Russia leave the First World War?

Answer 27

The armistice between Russia and Germany was signed in December 1917.

Question 28

Why did Russia agree to peace with Germany?

Answer 28

The Bolsheviks (Russian Communists) seized power in Russia and did not want to continue fighting in the First World War.

Question 29

When did the USA join the First World War?

Answer 29

1917

Question 30

Why did the USA join the British and French side during the war?

Answer 30

Germany tried to persuade Mexico to invade the USA (Zimmerman Telegram).

Question 31

What other events led to tension between Germany and the USA?

Answer 31

Germanys unrestricted U-boat campaign and the sinking of the Lusitania (1915).

Question 32

How did the USA help Britian and France win the First World War?

Answer 32

They promised 4 million soldiers (1 million arrived in Europe in 1918) and provided key resources such as food, weapons and ammunition.

Question 33

Who was the main leader of the British forces during the First World War?

Answer 33

Field Marshall Douglas Haig

Question 34

Who became Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in March 1918?

Answer 34

Ferdinand Foch (French)

Question 35

How did Foch and Haig contribute to winning the First World War?

Answer 35

They jointly planned the 100 days offensive.

Question 36

What was the Ludendorff Offensive 1918?

Answer 36

A German offensive which broke the stalemate due to the use of German Stormtroopers (lightly equipped soldiers).

Question 37

What was the 100 Days Offensive?

Answer 37

The Allied counterattack launched by the British, French, and American forces after the Ludendorff Offensive lost momentum and failed.

Question 38

When did Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicate?

Answer 38

9th November 1918

Question 39

When was the armistice signed which stopped fighting during the First World War?

Answer 39

11th November 1918