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conflict in Asia Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main features of communism

A

government decides what is made and what it costs
workers should take power from factory owners and business men
government makes sure all people are equal
all factories, shops , land is owned by the government

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2
Q

what are the main features of capitalism

A

freedom to own your own property/businesses
several political parties and the right to vote
land, businesses and factories are owned by wealthy people
businesses compete against each other to make better products

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3
Q

what is the truman doctrine and containment

A

in march 1947 US president truman said the USA would come to the aid (money or military ) under the treat of communisum

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4
Q

who was in NATO and when was it formed

A

1949
USA, Britain, france , belgium , canada and other european countries

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5
Q

who was in the warsaw pact

A

USSR, albania, bulgaria , czechoslovakia, east germany , hungary, poland and romania

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6
Q

how was korea divided in 1945

A

north korea surrendered to the ussr becoming the peoples republic of korea and lead by kim il sung
south korea surrendered to the usa becoming the republic of korea lead by syngman rhee

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7
Q

how did the USSR boycott of the united nations affect north korea invading the south

A

USSR was keen for newly communist china to join the UN security council. the USA vetoed the decision stopping china from joining. in protest the USSR boycotted future meetings allowing USA to convince the UN to support SK when they were invaded

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8
Q

why did NK invade SK

A

kim il sung wanted to reunite korea under communist rule. he asked stalin for his support and in spring 1950 he gave it

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9
Q

how did stalin help NK invation of SK

A

the USSR suplied tanks , artillary , aircraft and training however stalin made it very clear that he would not directly be involved. troops must come from china

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10
Q

who was kim il sung

A

communist korean nationalist who wanted to unite korea in inderpendance.
he serevd as a major in the soviet army and returned to korea in 1945 to form the communist party of north korea

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11
Q

who was syngman rhee

A

korean nationalist who trained as a lwyer in the USA
he had a reputation as a harsh ruler

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12
Q

how did the UN and the USA respond to koreas invasion

A

the security council met and decided to assemble troops (ussr could not veto because they were boycotting )
NK were ordered to leave SK
they ignored the request and UN agreed to take military action

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13
Q

why did the USA want to be involved in korea

A

to prevent the spread of communisum (containment and domino theory )

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14
Q

who lead the UN forces

A

USA - general MacAurther

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15
Q

what happened during the inchon landings

A

by 14 september 1950 NK had pushed SK back to Pusan
on 15 september Un troops launched a surprise attack from the sea at inchon
Inchon was quickly recaptured and forces pushed inland to seoul
meanwhile SK and Un stoopes advanced north from pusan
the forces moved towards each other and by early october 1950 all NK troops were driven back behind the 38th parallel

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16
Q

why did the UN troops continue advancing north past the 38 th parallel

A

to reunite korea

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17
Q

how many chinese troops joined the NK

A

200,000

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18
Q

why did the chinese join NK troops

A

because Nk was being driven back towards the yalu river which boarders china

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19
Q

what happened when the chinese joined NK

A

they had the newest tanks and planes supplied by the USSR and pushed UN forces back to seoul
by march 1951 the advance was stopped seoul was recaptured by the UN and the two sides were at a stale mate on the 38th parallel

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20
Q

why was general macarther sacked

A

truman felt that it was enough to get NK out of SK but macarther wanted to continue war with china
he went against Trumans wishes and sent troops back into NK demanding that china surrender and threatening the use of nuclear weapons

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21
Q

in 1951 both sides of the korean war moved to air power , how did this happen

A

USA bombed Nk towns, cities, factories and military bases with high explosives and napalm - 1 million people were killed
USSR supplied china with fighter planes which were rebranded to hide the fact that they were soviet. they were only allowed to operate in Chinese airspace or along the NK boarder

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22
Q

when did korean peace talks begin

A

july 1951

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23
Q

what reasons lead to signing the korean peace treaty

A

november 1952 - eisenhower becomes president
march 1953 - stalin dies

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24
Q

what was included in the korean war peace treaty

A

it was signed by NK china and UN
both remained independent states
divided by the 38th parallel
3KM demilitarization zone between the two countries

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25
Q

what did the koreas gain from the war

A

ussr and china cancelled NK debt and sent monetary aid

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26
Q

what did the koreas lose from the war

A

huge civillian and military loss
80% of industrial and government buildings lost
1/2 housing and transport lost
Nk had mor damage than SK

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27
Q

what did the USA gain from the korean war

A

containment stopped the spread of communisum

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28
Q

what did the USA loose in the korean war

A

soldiers wounded or killed
billions of dollars spent on the war
failed to save NK from communisum

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29
Q

what did the UN gain from the korean war

A

made it clear that they would take action to stand up to aggressive nations
USSR returned to the security council

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30
Q

what did the UN loose from the korean war

A

failed to hold a free election in korea
some saw the war as being largely controlled by america

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31
Q

what did the USSR gain from the korean war

A

closer relationship with china

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32
Q

what did the USSR loose in the korean war

A

more tention with the usa
expensive arms race

33
Q

what did china gain from the korean war

A

closer relationship with the USSR
became a major military power

34
Q

what did china loose in the korean war

A

it was an expensive war
didnt win SK as a communist country
ended links with USA for 25 years

35
Q

what was the area of Asia controlled by france known as

A

french Indochina

36
Q

when was the first indochina war

A

1946-54

37
Q

when did japan invade indochina and how did it effect the country

A

japan invaded during ww2 and Vietnam declared its self its own country with hi chi minh as its leader in 1945

38
Q

how did the french respond to ho chi minhs controll in veitman

A

they reinvaded in 1946 backing the non communist government in south veitnam

39
Q

how were the USA involved in the first indochina war

A

USA had given france $3 billion by 1954 to fight the vietminh

40
Q

who were the vietminh

A

the vietnam independence league lead by communist ho chi minh

41
Q

how did communist china get involved in the first indochina war

A

they helped the vietminh and NV with training and supplies

42
Q

when did china become communist

A

1949

43
Q

french troops had pushed the vietminh back into the jungle but what was the turining point of the indochina war

A

the battle of diem bein phu

44
Q

what happened at the battle of diem bein phu

A

in spring 1954 a french air base in diem bein phu was surrounded by 50,000 veitminh soldiers . they were trapped and bombarded with rockets and shells . the french ran out of supplies causing them to surrender on the 7th may 1954

45
Q

what was the consequence of the battle of diem bein phu

A

frances prime minister resigned and the new minister withdrew from veitman , ending the war

46
Q

what was the Geneva agreement and when was it signed

A

leaders from veitnam , britain , china , USSR , USA and france met in 1954 to find a peaceful solution they agreed that :
veitnam would be divided by the 17th parallel
ho chi minh would rule the north
deim would rule the south
french and veitminh troops would leave
a general election would be held before july 1956
cambodia and laos would be independent countries

47
Q

who were the national liberation front

A

political organisation in SV lead by ho chi minh . they wanted to get rid of catholic power (diem) and reunite vietnam
they became known as the vietcong

48
Q

who were the Buddhists

A

most people in SV were buddhist and felt victimized by diem who was catholic. diem had introduced anit buddhist policies. in protest buddhist would go on hungar strikes and set fire to themselves (known as self-immolation)

49
Q

what were the vietcongs aims

A

vietman to be united
more rights and land for peasants in poverty

50
Q

who supported the vietcong

A

peasants and middle class people
they would hide and feed vietcong members in their villages

51
Q

what were the vietcongs tactics

A

guerrilla warfare
attack in small groups
target small patrols that were not guarded well
do not wear uniform
use ho chi minh trail to get supplies from NV to SV

52
Q

why was there opposition to diem

A

he held elections a year early in 1955 and obviously fixed the results (98.2%)
pushed peasants off their land
punishing his opponents
being catholic in a buddhist country

53
Q

when was diem killed and why

A

2 November 1963 by a genera and soldiers of his own army
the USA had withdrawn its protection of diem to show opposition to his actions and policies

54
Q

what was Eisenhower’s involvement in vietnam (1953-1961)

A

sent CIA agents to saigon to gather info
used properganda to gain more support from diem
gave money and military equipment to SV
sent advisors to train SV army

55
Q

what was Kennedys involvement in vietman
(1961-1963)

A

did not tell US press about their involvment in vietnam
increased money given to the SV army so that they could increase the number of troops
increased military experts in vietnam
did not stop diems death
supported the stratigic hamlet programme

56
Q

what was the strategic hamlet program

A

peasants were moved to hamlets away from their villages surrounded by barbed wire. it was advertised as a way of protecting people but actually cut of Vietcong support of the peasants

57
Q

what happened in the gulf of tonkin

A

3 august 1964 - three NV torpedo’s head for the USS madox . maddox fires 3 missiles at the boat and they fire back. one NV ship is sunk and two are damaged
4 august 1964 - maddoxs capatin says there may be another attack but he cannot be sure because the men have been reading the sonnar wrong
johnson launches an attack on NV

58
Q

what is the gulf of tonkin resolution

A

it was approved on the 7 august 1964 and said that johnson had the power to take any military action to defend SV and stop the spread of communism

59
Q

what is operation rolling thunder

A

13 feb 1965
continuous bombing of NV government and military buildings . it was aimed to reduce morale
it was supposed to last 8 weeks and ended up lasting 3 years
1 million tonnes of bombs were dropped

60
Q

how was the HO chi minh trail useful to the vietcong

A

it was a vital supply route that ran through cambodia and laos. it was in thick jungle so hard to destroy

61
Q

what was hanging on the belts
and how did it help the vietcong win

A

the vietcong stayed close to the americans and dressed like ordinary people. they ambushed the americans and then quickly disappered. it was mentally draining on the US troops and prevented them bombing the vietcong incase they were near US soldiers

62
Q

how were tunnels helpful to the vietcong

A

tunnels streched 300km under the jungle
it was easier to ambush and hide

63
Q

how were booby traps helpful to the vietcong

A

created difficult conditions for the americans

64
Q

what were search and destroy missions

A

US troops would search SV villages searching for vietcong. entire villages were burnt down if you were suspected of hiding vietcong

65
Q

what was chemical warfare

A

agent orange and nepalm was dropped on large areas of forest
nepalm burnt the jungle but also people
angent orange caused cancer and deformities in children who were born

66
Q

what is conscription and why is it bad for the USA

A

GIs did a 1 year tour of duty in vietnam
average age was 19 and refusal could put you in prison
this meant that soldiers were poorly trained
they often killed Vietnamese civilians instead of vietcong

67
Q

what was the tet offensive

A

on the 30th january 1968 there was a temporary ceasefire to celebrate TET. vietcong broke the ceasefire and attacked towns cities and US military bases in saigon.
the US quickly regained controll using there advanced tech and training but people at home began to question the war

68
Q

how many vietcong died in the Tet offensive

A

10,000

69
Q

what happened during the my lai massacre

A

early march 1968 - reports of 200 veitcong based in the my lai area
16 march 1968 - charlie company land and start shooting at buildings they think contain vietcong
no vietcong were found but villager who tried to run away were shot
500 people died but only 22 civillian deaths were recorded

70
Q

what happened after the my lai massacre

A

a year later a young soldier wrote a letter to a politician telling the truth of what had happened . a formal inquiry showed that charlie company had killed innocent people. high ranking officers were charged with the cover up but only lieutenant calley went to prison. he was released in 1974

71
Q

reasons to protest the vietnam war

A

media coverage showed the civilian casualties along with the poor discipline of the army
the USA was not winning and people lost confidence in their leaders
johnson had promised an great society but all the money was being spent on the war
many people though that the SV government was corrupt and brutal
civil rights leaders highlighted racial inequality in the army
2 million young men were drafted between 1964 - 1972 and people question if it was worth the lives lost
300 soldiers died each week

72
Q

in what age group was protests most common

A

students because the hippie culture of peace and love was huge and also they didnt agree with conscription

73
Q

what happened at the kent state shooting

A

30 april 1970 - nixon announces invasion of cambodia
kent state uni organises a protest and local police clash with students so mayor sends for the ohio national guard.
4 may 1970- 3000 people and 1000 gaurds men gather at the uni
demonstration becomes violent and national guards men shoot between 61-67 bullets into the crowed. 4 studenst are killed 9 were injured

74
Q

why was TV important to the vietnam war

A

by 1961 93% of homes had TVs and there was no government censorship unlike korea which allowed new reporters to got to vietnam. press briefings and new technology allowed channels to show how badly the gov were covering up mistakes made in vietnam

75
Q

how did Nixon plan to end the vietnam war

A

he was elected in 1968 and planned to end US involvement by Vietnamization. This was anounced in nov 1969 and included :
sending planes, helicopters , guns and tanks to SV
training the SV army to continue to fight the vietcong
US soldiers would come home

76
Q

why did Nixon target camboia and laos

A

because he wanted to destroy as many vietcong bases before soldiers left SV and that included teh ho chi minh trail. this meant vietnamization was seen as a failure

77
Q

how does the vietnam war end

A

jan 1969 peace talks begin
march 1969 raids on ho chi minh trail begin
june 1969 US troops begin to leave
april 1970 invasion of cambodia
feb 1972 nixon visits china
may 1972 nixon visits USSR
27 jan 1973 paris peace accord is signed
aug 1974 nixon resigns and no financial aid is given to SV
april 1975 saigon falls to the communists

78
Q

what were the USA concequences of the vietnam war

A

58,000 soldiers killed , 300,000 wounded
$170 billion spent on the war and a similar amount was paid in reoperations to veterans
no money was put into social reforms
actions in the war damaged peoples belief in America

79
Q

what was vietnams concequences of the vietnam war

A

1 million soldiers killed , 2 million wounded
2 million civilians killed , 5 million wounded
11 million refuges
100,000 children born of American soldiers
people faced starvation
bombing destroyed infastructure
chemicals killed farmland and gave cancer and birth defects

gcse history (4 decks)

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