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conflict in Asia Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the main features of communism

A

government decides what is made and what it costs
workers should take power from factory owners and business men
government makes sure all people are equal
all factories, shops , land is owned by the government

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2
Q

what are the main features of capitalism

A

freedom to own your own property/businesses
several political parties and the right to vote
land, businesses and factories are owned by wealthy people
businesses compete against each other to make better products

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3
Q

what is the truman doctrine and containment

A

in march 1947 US president truman said the USA would come to the aid (money or military ) under the treat of communisum

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4
Q

who was in NATO and when was it formed

A

1949
USA, Britain, france , belgium , canada and other european countries

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5
Q

who was in the warsaw pact

A

USSR, albania, bulgaria , czechoslovakia, east germany , hungary, poland and romania

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6
Q

how was korea divided in 1945

A

north korea surrendered to the ussr becoming the peoples republic of korea and lead by kim il sung
south korea surrendered to the usa becoming the republic of korea lead by syngman rhee

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7
Q

how did the USSR boycott of the united nations affect north korea invading the south

A

USSR was keen for newly communist china to join the UN security council. the USA vetoed the decision stopping china from joining. in protest the USSR boycotted future meetings allowing USA to convince the UN to support SK when they were invaded

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8
Q

why did NK invade SK

A

kim il sung wanted to reunite korea under communist rule. he asked stalin for his support and in spring 1950 he gave it

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9
Q

how did stalin help NK invation of SK

A

the USSR suplied tanks , artillary , aircraft and training however stalin made it very clear that he would not directly be involved. troops must come from china

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10
Q

who was kim il sung

A

communist korean nationalist who wanted to unite korea in inderpendance.
he serevd as a major in the soviet army and returned to korea in 1945 to form the communist party of north korea

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11
Q

who was syngman rhee

A

korean nationalist who trained as a lwyer in the USA
he had a reputation as a harsh ruler

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12
Q

how did the UN and the USA respond to koreas invasion

A

the security council met and decided to assemble troops (ussr could not veto because they were boycotting )
NK were ordered to leave SK
they ignored the request and UN agreed to take military action

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13
Q

why did the USA want to be involved in korea

A

to prevent the spread of communisum (containment and domino theory )

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14
Q

who lead the UN forces

A

USA - general MacAurther

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15
Q

what happened during the inchon landings

A

by 14 september 1950 NK had pushed SK back to Pusan
on 15 september Un troops launched a surprise attack from the sea at inchon
Inchon was quickly recaptured and forces pushed inland to seoul
meanwhile SK and Un stoopes advanced north from pusan
the forces moved towards each other and by early october 1950 all NK troops were driven back behind the 38th parallel

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16
Q

why did the UN troops continue advancing north past the 38 th parallel

A

to reunite korea

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17
Q

how many chinese troops joined the NK

A

200,000

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18
Q

why did the chinese join NK troops

A

because Nk was being driven back towards the yalu river which boarders china

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19
Q

what happened when the chinese joined NK

A

they had the newest tanks and planes supplied by the USSR and pushed UN forces back to seoul
by march 1951 the advance was stopped seoul was recaptured by the UN and the two sides were at a stale mate on the 38th parallel

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20
Q

why was general macarther sacked

A

truman felt that it was enough to get NK out of SK but macarther wanted to continue war with china
he went against Trumans wishes and sent troops back into NK demanding that china surrender and threatening the use of nuclear weapons

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21
Q

in 1951 both sides of the korean war moved to air power , how did this happen

A

USA bombed Nk towns, cities, factories and military bases with high explosives and napalm - 1 million people were killed
USSR supplied china with fighter planes which were rebranded to hide the fact that they were soviet. they were only allowed to operate in Chinese airspace or along the NK boarder

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22
Q

when did korean peace talks begin

A

july 1951

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23
Q

what reasons lead to signing the korean peace treaty

A

november 1952 - eisenhower becomes president
march 1953 - stalin dies

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24
Q

what was included in the korean war peace treaty

A

it was signed by NK china and UN
both remained independent states
divided by the 38th parallel
3KM demilitarization zone between the two countries

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25
what did the koreas gain from the war
ussr and china cancelled NK debt and sent monetary aid
26
what did the koreas lose from the war
huge civillian and military loss 80% of industrial and government buildings lost 1/2 housing and transport lost Nk had mor damage than SK
27
what did the USA gain from the korean war
containment stopped the spread of communisum
28
what did the USA loose in the korean war
soldiers wounded or killed billions of dollars spent on the war failed to save NK from communisum
29
what did the UN gain from the korean war
made it clear that they would take action to stand up to aggressive nations USSR returned to the security council
30
what did the UN loose from the korean war
failed to hold a free election in korea some saw the war as being largely controlled by america
31
what did the USSR gain from the korean war
closer relationship with china
32
what did the USSR loose in the korean war
more tention with the usa expensive arms race
33
what did china gain from the korean war
closer relationship with the USSR became a major military power
34
what did china loose in the korean war
it was an expensive war didnt win SK as a communist country ended links with USA for 25 years
35
what was the area of Asia controlled by france known as
french Indochina
36
when was the first indochina war
1946-54
37
when did japan invade indochina and how did it effect the country
japan invaded during ww2 and Vietnam declared its self its own country with hi chi minh as its leader in 1945
38
how did the french respond to ho chi minhs controll in veitman
they reinvaded in 1946 backing the non communist government in south veitnam
39
how were the USA involved in the first indochina war
USA had given france $3 billion by 1954 to fight the vietminh
40
who were the vietminh
the vietnam independence league lead by communist ho chi minh
41
how did communist china get involved in the first indochina war
they helped the vietminh and NV with training and supplies
42
when did china become communist
1949
43
french troops had pushed the vietminh back into the jungle but what was the turining point of the indochina war
the battle of diem bein phu
44
what happened at the battle of diem bein phu
in spring 1954 a french air base in diem bein phu was surrounded by 50,000 veitminh soldiers . they were trapped and bombarded with rockets and shells . the french ran out of supplies causing them to surrender on the 7th may 1954
45
what was the consequence of the battle of diem bein phu
frances prime minister resigned and the new minister withdrew from veitman , ending the war
46
what was the Geneva agreement and when was it signed
leaders from veitnam , britain , china , USSR , USA and france met in 1954 to find a peaceful solution they agreed that : veitnam would be divided by the 17th parallel ho chi minh would rule the north deim would rule the south french and veitminh troops would leave a general election would be held before july 1956 cambodia and laos would be independent countries
47
who were the national liberation front
political organisation in SV lead by ho chi minh . they wanted to get rid of catholic power (diem) and reunite vietnam they became known as the vietcong
48
who were the Buddhists
most people in SV were buddhist and felt victimized by diem who was catholic. diem had introduced anit buddhist policies. in protest buddhist would go on hungar strikes and set fire to themselves (known as self-immolation)
49
what were the vietcongs aims
vietman to be united more rights and land for peasants in poverty
50
who supported the vietcong
peasants and middle class people they would hide and feed vietcong members in their villages
51
what were the vietcongs tactics
guerrilla warfare attack in small groups target small patrols that were not guarded well do not wear uniform use ho chi minh trail to get supplies from NV to SV
52
why was there opposition to diem
he held elections a year early in 1955 and obviously fixed the results (98.2%) pushed peasants off their land punishing his opponents being catholic in a buddhist country
53
when was diem killed and why
2 November 1963 by a genera and soldiers of his own army the USA had withdrawn its protection of diem to show opposition to his actions and policies
54
what was Eisenhower's involvement in vietnam (1953-1961)
sent CIA agents to saigon to gather info used properganda to gain more support from diem gave money and military equipment to SV sent advisors to train SV army
55
what was Kennedys involvement in vietman (1961-1963)
did not tell US press about their involvment in vietnam increased money given to the SV army so that they could increase the number of troops increased military experts in vietnam did not stop diems death supported the stratigic hamlet programme
56
what was the strategic hamlet program
peasants were moved to hamlets away from their villages surrounded by barbed wire. it was advertised as a way of protecting people but actually cut of Vietcong support of the peasants
57
what happened in the gulf of tonkin
3 august 1964 - three NV torpedo's head for the USS madox . maddox fires 3 missiles at the boat and they fire back. one NV ship is sunk and two are damaged 4 august 1964 - maddoxs capatin says there may be another attack but he cannot be sure because the men have been reading the sonnar wrong johnson launches an attack on NV
58
what is the gulf of tonkin resolution
it was approved on the 7 august 1964 and said that johnson had the power to take any military action to defend SV and stop the spread of communism
59
what is operation rolling thunder
13 feb 1965 continuous bombing of NV government and military buildings . it was aimed to reduce morale it was supposed to last 8 weeks and ended up lasting 3 years 1 million tonnes of bombs were dropped
60
how was the HO chi minh trail useful to the vietcong
it was a vital supply route that ran through cambodia and laos. it was in thick jungle so hard to destroy
61
what was hanging on the belts and how did it help the vietcong win
the vietcong stayed close to the americans and dressed like ordinary people. they ambushed the americans and then quickly disappered. it was mentally draining on the US troops and prevented them bombing the vietcong incase they were near US soldiers
62
how were tunnels helpful to the vietcong
tunnels streched 300km under the jungle it was easier to ambush and hide
63
how were booby traps helpful to the vietcong
created difficult conditions for the americans
64
what were search and destroy missions
US troops would search SV villages searching for vietcong. entire villages were burnt down if you were suspected of hiding vietcong
65
what was chemical warfare
agent orange and nepalm was dropped on large areas of forest nepalm burnt the jungle but also people angent orange caused cancer and deformities in children who were born
66
what is conscription and why is it bad for the USA
GIs did a 1 year tour of duty in vietnam average age was 19 and refusal could put you in prison this meant that soldiers were poorly trained they often killed Vietnamese civilians instead of vietcong
67
what was the tet offensive
on the 30th january 1968 there was a temporary ceasefire to celebrate TET. vietcong broke the ceasefire and attacked towns cities and US military bases in saigon. the US quickly regained controll using there advanced tech and training but people at home began to question the war
68
how many vietcong died in the Tet offensive
10,000
69
what happened during the my lai massacre
early march 1968 - reports of 200 veitcong based in the my lai area 16 march 1968 - charlie company land and start shooting at buildings they think contain vietcong no vietcong were found but villager who tried to run away were shot 500 people died but only 22 civillian deaths were recorded
70
what happened after the my lai massacre
a year later a young soldier wrote a letter to a politician telling the truth of what had happened . a formal inquiry showed that charlie company had killed innocent people. high ranking officers were charged with the cover up but only lieutenant calley went to prison. he was released in 1974
71
reasons to protest the vietnam war
media coverage showed the civilian casualties along with the poor discipline of the army the USA was not winning and people lost confidence in their leaders johnson had promised an great society but all the money was being spent on the war many people though that the SV government was corrupt and brutal civil rights leaders highlighted racial inequality in the army 2 million young men were drafted between 1964 - 1972 and people question if it was worth the lives lost 300 soldiers died each week
72
in what age group was protests most common
students because the hippie culture of peace and love was huge and also they didnt agree with conscription
73
what happened at the kent state shooting
30 april 1970 - nixon announces invasion of cambodia kent state uni organises a protest and local police clash with students so mayor sends for the ohio national guard. 4 may 1970- 3000 people and 1000 gaurds men gather at the uni demonstration becomes violent and national guards men shoot between 61-67 bullets into the crowed. 4 studenst are killed 9 were injured
74
why was TV important to the vietnam war
by 1961 93% of homes had TVs and there was no government censorship unlike korea which allowed new reporters to got to vietnam. press briefings and new technology allowed channels to show how badly the gov were covering up mistakes made in vietnam
75
how did Nixon plan to end the vietnam war
he was elected in 1968 and planned to end US involvement by Vietnamization. This was anounced in nov 1969 and included : sending planes, helicopters , guns and tanks to SV training the SV army to continue to fight the vietcong US soldiers would come home
76
why did Nixon target camboia and laos
because he wanted to destroy as many vietcong bases before soldiers left SV and that included teh ho chi minh trail. this meant vietnamization was seen as a failure
77
how does the vietnam war end
jan 1969 peace talks begin march 1969 raids on ho chi minh trail begin june 1969 US troops begin to leave april 1970 invasion of cambodia feb 1972 nixon visits china may 1972 nixon visits USSR 27 jan 1973 paris peace accord is signed aug 1974 nixon resigns and no financial aid is given to SV april 1975 saigon falls to the communists
78
what were the USA concequences of the vietnam war
58,000 soldiers killed , 300,000 wounded $170 billion spent on the war and a similar amount was paid in reoperations to veterans no money was put into social reforms actions in the war damaged peoples belief in America
79
what was vietnams concequences of the vietnam war
1 million soldiers killed , 2 million wounded 2 million civilians killed , 5 million wounded 11 million refuges 100,000 children born of American soldiers people faced starvation bombing destroyed infastructure chemicals killed farmland and gave cancer and birth defects

gcse history (4 decks)

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