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Conflict & Tension Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What is the Armistice

A

Ceasefire of WW1 - 11th November 1918

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2
Q

What is the treaty of Sevres

A

The treaty ceded parts of the Ottoman Empire to the allies in 1920

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3
Q

When were the Manchurian and Abyssinian crises

A

1932 and 1935

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4
Q

What and when was the Washington Naval Agreement.

A

Signed to prevent an arms race in 1922

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5
Q

Who was involved in the Locarno Treaties in 1925

A

Britain France Belgium Germany Italy

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6
Q

Why was the Corfu Crisis in 1923 a failure of the league

A

Showed smaller countries (Greece) could be bullied by larger ones (Italy)

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7
Q

How did the Greece-Bulgaria dispute start in 1925

A

Greece soldier shot in Bulgarian territory

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8
Q

Why were Greece not happy with Britain in 1925

A

They had to pay compensation and for the Corfu Crisis

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9
Q

What year did Germany join the league

A

1926

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10
Q

What percentage of their European territory did Germany lose

A

Paul George

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11
Q

What clause stated Germany were full to blame for WW1

A

Article 231

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12
Q

How much did Germany have to pay as reparations

A

6.6 billion marks

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13
Q

What was the word for the treaty which Germany used meaning “ imposed settlement”

A

Diktat

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14
Q

Four allies of Germany that were punished under treaty settlements

A

Austria
Japan
Hungary
Bulgaria

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15
Q

Four aims of the league of nations

A

Disarmament
To prevent war through collective security
Improving global welfare
Uphold TOV

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16
Q

How many nations joined the league initially

A

42

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17
Q

Was the Aaland Islands crisis a success or failure

A

Success because a decision was reached with minimal consequences

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18
Q

What did Clemenceau want from the Treaty of Versailles

A 
Alsace-Lorraine
Harsher reparations
Rhineland independence
Total demilitarisation
Revenge
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19
Q

WW1 effect on France

A

1/8 soldiers died and half injured
Agriculture and Industry damage
North-East had been occupied for 4 years

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20
Q

What did David Lloyd George want from the Treaty of Versailles

A

Harshly punished (not so hardly to start another war)
Indemnities
Wanted Germany to not be crippled for trading
To expand the empire
Control of the seas

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21
Q

What did Woodrow Wilson want from the Treaty of Versailles

Study These Flashcards
A

Disarmament
League of Nations
Peace
Self-determination (Serbs had wanted Bosnia free of Austria rule)

22
Q

Key elements of the fourteen point plan

Study These Flashcards
A

Ban on secret treaties
Cannot claim colonies
Independence for Belgium
Self determination

23
Q

Treaty Of Versailles terms

Study These Flashcards
A 
Reduce German armed forces
Demilitarise the Rhineland
Colonies lost
Article 231
Prevented Anschluss
Reparations
24
Q

Was Upper Silesia a success or a failure (1921-25)

Study These Flashcards
A

Both because German got most of the land but they felt the land given to Poland contained the rich industrial areas

25
Was Vilna a success or failure
Poland ignored LoN's plea requested from Lithuania | Showed LoN's inability to act against aggression
26
When were the Locarno Treaties signed and what were they
Germany publicly accepted the TOV and their new western borders in 1925. LEAGUE NOT INVOLVED
27
What year was the Kellogg-Briand Pact signed and what was it
In 1928, 65 nations including Germany France and USA officially renounced the use of war as a method to solve disputes
28
When was the Wall Street Crash
October 1929
29
Why was Japan affected by the Wall Street Crash
They had few natural resources most of their economy was based on exporting silk.
29
When was the Mukden Incident and what was its significance
In 1931, Japanese troops staged an explosion on a Manchurian railway and blamed the Chinese. As a result Japan invaded Manchuria and being a leading member of the league discredited its purpose entirely.
30
What was the Lytton Report
A commission of The Manchurian Crisis that took over a year to investigate by which time the invasion had been completed.
31
Why did sanctions not work during the Abyssinian Crisis
They did not include steel,coal or oil so Mussolini was able to get the supplies to fuel his invasion. USA were not part of the League so Italy continued to trade with them
32
When and what was the Wal Wal Incident
In December 1934 Italian and Abyssinian troops clashed at the Wal Wal oasis.
33
When and what was the Dolfuss Affair
In 1934, Dolfuss was assassinated by 10 Austrian Nazis because he was against Anschluss. Hitler considered invading however Mussolini acted as the barrier and Hitler backed down
34
What was the significance of the Disarmament Conference in 1933
France would not disarm because the UK and USA refused to commit to ensuring France's protection. Hitler walked out giving him legal justification to begin rearming going directly against the TOV.
35
What was the importance of the Stresa Front in 1935
Formalised opposition to German rearmament between Britain France and Italy. Reaffirmed Locarno treaties and Anschluss independence. Due to the Stresa Front Italy felt comfortable invading Abysinnia
36
What was the Anglo-German Naval Agreement
In 1935, Britain signed it with Germany allowing them to rearm their navy to 35% of the British navy however this was only 13% less than the French navy
37
What was the Hoare-Laval Pact
In 1935, the British foreign secretary with the French worked out a plan to offer Mussolini most of Abyssinia. The plans were leaked and the uproar caused the plans to be withdrawn
38
The factors for the Failure of the League to avert war in 1939
``` French and British self-interest Absent Powers Ineffective Sanctions Lack of Armed Forces Unfair Treaties Reaching decisions to slowly Economic Depression ```
39
When and what was the Franco-Soviet Pact
February 1936 Germany used this as an excuse to remilitarise the Rhineland that Germany felt threatened because they were encircled
39
How many soldiers invaded the Rhineland
22,000 and they had strict orders to retreat if met with any resistance
40
Why was there no resistance to the remilitarisation of the Rhineland
French public opinion split and was preoccupied with an election German army was overestimated and French army was preoccupied with the Abyssinian crisis Britain and France were not united
41
What was the significance of the Rome-Berlin Axis in 1936 and the Anti-Comintern Pact in 1937
Mussolini had acted as the buffer between Germany and Austria when Hitler wanted to achieve Anschluss in 1934 however now they were in alliance Hitler was encouraged. Three powerful fascist nations becoming official allies increased international tension drastically.
42
Why was Anschluss in 1938 significant
Germany surrounded Czechslovakia on three fronts and Britain and France had done nothing once again. Austria provided transport links as well as resources and manpower.
43
Why did Hitler want to and feel like he could invade Czechoslovakia
It was a brand new nation and he wanted to expand his borders into the Sudetenland. 3 million German speaking people lived in the Sudetenland. The Sudetenland contained strong defences, factories and resources that could benefit Germany greatly. Hitler threatened to invade to protect the German minorities that were being "persecuted"
44
When was the Munich Agreement
29-30th September 1938. Hitler promised he did not want the rest of Czechoslovakia Chamberlain referred to as the hero who had guaranteed "peace in our time"
45
Why did the Munich Agreement increase tension
Stalin was not consulted nor was Czechoslovakia and Germany grew stronger More of the TOV had been undone It gave Hitler confidence to invade the rest of Czechoslovakia in 1939
46
Arguments for Appeasement
War costs lives Germany was the buffer to the spread of communism from the east Britain fully against war due to WW1 French instability and USA following isolationalist policy Gave Britain and France time to rearm because they were not strong enough
47
Arguments against appeasement
Hitler had used violence previously They betrayed the Austrians and the Czechs It made Britain look weak and made Hitler more envious
48
When was the Pact of Steel signed
In 1939, and it certified the support of Germany and Italy for eachother Britain and France began to look for USSR for support
49
What was the significance of the Nazi Soviet Pact in 1939
Stalin didn't trust Britain and France after the Munich Agreement and he chose to get half of Poland and time to prepare for war. The pact guaranteed Germany and USSR would not fight Hitler could now attack Poland without having to worry about USSR and didn't have to worry about a war on two fronts
50
When did Hitler invade Poland
1st September 1939

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