Congenital Abnormalities Of The Lungs Flashcards
1
Q
The conducting pro Turin of the lungs starts at the ?
A
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveoli duct
Alveoli sac
2
Q
Developmental defects of the lungs include ?
A
- Agenesis or hypoplasia of both lungs, one lung or single lobes
- Tracheal and bronchial anomalies (atresia, stenosis, tracheoesophageal fistula)
- vascular anomalies
- congenital lobar overinflation (emphysema)
- congenital pulmonary airways malformation
- pulmonary sequestration
3
Q
Pulmonary hypoplasia features?
A
- Defective development of both lungs (one may be affected than the other)
- decreased weight, volume and acini disproportional to the body’s weight and EGA
caused by - congenital diaphragmatic hernia
- oligohydramnions
4
Q
Forget cysts
A
Abnormal detachment of the primitive forgut
Common site
- the hilum
- middle mediastinum
Classification based on the wall structure
- Bronchogenic (most common type)
- esophageal
- Enteric
5
Q
Brochiogenic cysts ?
A
- Rarely connected to the tracheobronchial tree. May be seen in the mediastinum
- a cyst lined by ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium
- there’s squamous metaplasia occurring in the areas of inflammation
- wall contains bronchial glands, cartilage, smooth muscles
- surgical resection is curative
6
Q
Pulmonary sequestration?
A
- This is the presence of discrete mass of lung tissue without normal connection to the airway system
- Blood supply to the sequestered areas arises not from the pulmonary arteries
but from the aorta or its branches
7
Q
classification of pulmonary sequestration ?
A
- Extra lobular sequestration
- Intralobular sequestration
8
Q
Extralobular pulmonary sequestration?
A
- external to the lungs
- thorax or mediastinum
- most commonly in infants as abnormal mass lesions
- may be associated with other congenital abnormalities
9
Q
Intralobular sequestration ?
A
- Occur within the lung substance especially in older children
- Often associated with recurrent localized infections or Bronchiectasis
