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Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

hyperplastic left heart syndrome

A

aortc atresia with intact VS

leads to hypoplastic left sided heart

depend on PFA to supply systemic system (RV flow)

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2
Q

clinical presentation postductal aortic coarction

A

Bicuspid AV in 50%

Surgically treatable HTN upper > Lower

reib notching on CXR

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3
Q

Complete AV septal defect

A

AVSD and common AV valve

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3
Q

sequelae isolated PV stensosi

A

RV dilatation and hypetrophy

post-stenotic injury to Pulmonary artery

may be asymptomatic until adulthood

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4
Q

sequelae aortic stensosi

A

LV hypertrophy and LA dilatation

systolic murmur

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5
Q

direction of VSD shunt

A

L to R, until R sided changes due to increasing Pul HTN shift to R>L

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6
Q

blood flood pattern PDA

A

at birth, from aorta > through PA > into RV

after right overload > hypertrophy,

RV > PA > Aorta

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6
Q

clinical presentation preductal (infantile) aortic coarction

A

bicuspid AV in 50%

lower body cyanosis (normal UE)

surgery in neonatal period

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7
Q

Partial AV septal defect

A

primum ASD and cleft Mitral Valve with MR

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7
Q

etiology Truncus arteriosus

A

failure of separation oaf embrylogic truncus into aorta and Pulmonary Artery

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7
Q

clinical sequelae truncus arteriosis

A

mixing of blood

increased pulmonary bloodflow > Pul HTN

cyanosis

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8
Q

Muscular VSD

A

small defect

closure spontaneous fibrous adhesion in 60% by 1 year

(multiple = swiss cheese)

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9
Q

perimemranous VSD

A

usually large

requires surgical closure

spontaneous closure by septal TV leaflet possible

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9
Q

AV septal defect associated ith

A

MV and TV anamoiles

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9
Q

most common form of cyanotic congenital HD

A

tertralogy of fallot

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10
Q

truncus arteriosis =

A

origin of aorta an dpulmonary artery from truncal arteral,

most have large VSD (needed for survival)

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11
Q

blood leaving the right ventricle is shunted to _____ via ____

A

to aorta via Ductus arteriorsis

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12
Q

features of PDA

A

machinery like murmur

usually seen in isolation

needed for survival in AV atresia, PV atresia

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13
Q

shunts that present cyanotic

A

R-L shunts

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14
Q

most common location of VSD

A

90% at membranous septum

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15
Q

in classic tetralogy of Fallot, ____ protects the lungs from overload due to RVH

Study These Flashcards
A

sub-pulmonic stenosis

16
Q

symptoms of R-L shunt

Study These Flashcards
A

cyanosis

digital clubbing

polycythemia

18
Q

chronic effects of ASD

Study These Flashcards
A

RVH and dilation

RA and LA dilation

19
Q

Anomalies causing L-R shunt

Study These Flashcards
A

ASD

VSD

PDA

AVSD

20
physical features Tricuspid atresia
RV hypoplasia, mitral valve enlarged (unequal division of common AV valve)
21
sequelae Transposition of great arteries
aorta anterior and right of pulmonary pulmonary+systemic circulation seperate RVH Pulmonary HTN (unilis pulmonary stenosis present)
21
associated with digeorge
truncus arteriosis
23
in right to left shunts, paradoxical emboli occur when
clots or gas bubbles are not filtered by lugns and pass directly into systemic
24
two types of aortic coarction
preductal - infantile = tubular hypoplasia with PDA post ductal-adult = ridgelike infolding at ligament without PDA
26
L-R shunts result in
increased pulmonary blood flow pul HTN, RV hypertrophy eventually shifts to R-L shunt
27
pulmonary vasculature tolerates increase in ___ well but not increases in \_\_\_\_
increased in flow, not increases in pressure
28
most abnormalities arise during
weeks 3-8 of embryogenesis
29
clinical features ASD
often asymptomatic paradoxical embolism
31
tetralogy of fallot
anterior superior displacement of infundibular septum leads to - VSD subpulmonary stenosis - overriding aorta - RV hypertrophy
32
complete AVS association, treatment
downs syndrome, early surgical correction
33
tricuspid atresis blood pattern
no flow into RV, must flow through ASD or PFO to reach left ventricle, need VSD to reach RV, oxygenate blood in lungs
34
blood in the IVC is shunted to ____ via \_\_\_\_
left atrium via oval foramen
35
etiology total anamalous pulmonary venous return
pulmonary vein fails to develop or regress
37
shunts that present with late cyanotic
L-R shunts
39
normal ductus arteriorus closure timelien
fxl closure at 12h structural at 3 months
40
oxygen rich blood from the placenta is shunted around the liver via
ductus venosus
40
late effects of CHD
endocarditis hyperviscosity Pulm HTN and shunt reversal (eisenmeiger complex) Childbearing risk residual post-surgical pathology
41
plexogenic pulmonary HTN
medial hypertrohpy intimal proliferation plexiform lesions (VSD \> PDA \>\> ASD)
42
sequelae of Ebstein anomaly of tricuspid
RV and RA dilatations arrhythmieas (WPW due to conduction disrupt by stretching)
44
locations of ADD
Secoundum (at dossa ovalis) (90%) Primum, adjacent to AV valves Sinus venosus, near SVC entrance
46
ebstein anomaly of tricuspid vavle
inferioal displaced and adherent septal and posterior leaflets. reduntant anterir leaftlet,dilataed annulus with Tricuspid regurgitaion
47
sequelae PV atresia with intact VS
hypoplastic RV and TV PDA needed to get blood to lungs Pulm artery dilatation, RVH and RA dilatation
48
total anamalous pulmonary venous return =
pulmonary veins not to LA \> LA hypoplasia conenct via left innominate vein or coronary sinus ASD/PFO allows oxygenated blood to enter systemic circulation
49
exam finding tetralogy of fallot
boot shaped heart
50
most common congenital heart abnormality
membranous VSD
51
anamolies with R-L shunts
Tetralogy of Fallot Transposition of great arteries tricuspid atresia Total aomalous pulmonary venous connection

Cardiovascular (39 decks)

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