Congenital Heart Disease

Question 1

What abnormalities are encompassed by the tetralogy of Fallot?

Answer 1

Ventricular septal defect
Misplacement of the aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Pulmonary artery stenosis

Question 2

Give examples of acyanotic congenital heart defects?

Answer 2

Ventricular septal defects
Atrial septal defects
Patent ductus arteriosus
Coarctation of the aorta

Question 3

Give examples of cyanotic congenital heart defects?

Answer 3

Tetralogy of fallot
Transposition
Truncus arteriosis
Hyperplastic left heart syndrome

Question 4

What investigations are conducted for congenital heart disease?

Answer 4

ECHO
ECG
CXR
CT
MRI
Coronary catheterisation
Coronary angiogram

Question 5

What are the potential underlying causes / contributing factors to congenital heart disease?

Answer 5

Rubella
Alcohol
Thalamidomides
Lithium
Turner's syndrome
Down syndrome
Marfan's syndrome
Diabetes 
PKU
SLE
Obesity

Question 6

What oxygen saturations should prompt urgent ECHO for evaluation of a potential congenital heart defect?

Answer 6

SpO2 <90% on right hand or foot in first 1-2 days of life OR

3 consistent readings of SpO2 90-95% or a greater than 3% difference between reading sites

Question 7

What abnormalities are including in the VACTERL association?

Answer 7

Vertebral abnormalities
Anal atresia
CV abnormalities
Trachoesopheal fistula
Esopheageal atresia
Renal and radial abnormalities
Limb defects

Question 8

What are the potential signs / symptoms of congenital heart disease?

Answer 8

SOB
Poor feeding / growth
Cyanosis
Syncope
Heart murmur
Respiratory infections
Under development of limbs and muscles