Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiology > Arrythmias > Flashcards

Arrythmias Flashcards

1
Q

What are the potential causes of sinus tachycardia?

A

Physiological
Pathological - hyperthyroidism, cocaine, amphetamines
Compensatory - MI, PE, sepsis, heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four adverse features to assess for in the management of arrhythmia?

A

Shock
Heart failure
Syncope
Myocardial ischaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is a tachycardia managed when there is the presence of 1 or more adverse feature?

A

DC cardio version up to three times

Then, if there is no resolution 300mg IV amiodarone over 20m minutes followed by 900mg IV amiodarone over 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the ECG appearance of paroxysmal SVT?

A

Tachycardia 150-200 bpm
Narrow QRS
Absent or retrograde P waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the initial management of narrow complex tachycardia without adverse features?

A

1st line - vagal manoeuvers
2nd line - IV adenosine 6mg, then 12mg, then 12mg
3rd line - specialist referral and further rate control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What underlying factors may result in paroxysmal SVT?

A

Psychological stress
Caffeine
Nicotine
Wolff Parkinson White syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the ECG appearance of Wolff Parkinson White syndrome?

A

Elongated QRS
Shortened PR interval
Presence of delta wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What accessory pathway is present in Wolff Parkinson White syndrome?

A

Bundle of Kent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the management of Wolff Parkinson White syndrome?

A

Pharmacotherapy - amiodarone or procainomide
If unstable - DC cardio version
Definitive management - catheter ablation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the definitive management for long-standing atrial flutter or AF?

A

Catheter ablation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the risk factors for atrial flutter?

A 
Increasing age
Valvular disease
Atrial septal defect
Cardiac / thoracic procedure
Anti-arrythmics
Hyperthyroidism
COPD
Asthma
Pneumonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the definition of paroxysmal, persistent, long-standing and permanent AF?

A

Paroxysmal - more than 1 episode lasting more than 30 seconds which resolves (spontaneously or with intervention_ within seven days

Persistent - AF episode which persists >7 days

Long-standing - AF episode which persists >1 year

Permanent - AF which is refractory to treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the management of acute AF?

A

If unstable or present <48hours - DC cardio version or rhythm control and anticoagulation

If stable and >48 hours - rare control (beta blockers, non-dihydropyridamole calcium channel blockers, 2nd line - digoxin)

If rate control fails - rhythm control with amiodarone

If CHASVAS score >1 in men or >2 in women the long-term anticoagulation with DOAC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Arrythmias are often asymptomatic, however what are the potential symptoms of arrhythmia?

A 
Palpitations
Chest pain
Dizziness
Syncope
Altered mental status
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the management of torsades de pointes?

A

IV magnesium sulphate

2nd line - isoprenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the management of VT?

A

DC cardio version if unstable / adverse features present

Otherwise, IV amiodarone 300mg over 20 mins then 900mg IV amiodarone over 24 hours

17
Q

What are the potential causes of VT?

A 
Drugs - macrolides, antipsychotics
Ischaemic heart disease - inferior MI
Congenital heart disease
Hypertrophic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy 
Chagas disease
18
Q

If a patient survives VF, what intervention should be considered?

A

Placement of implantable cardiodefibrillator device

19
Q

What are the causes of sinus bradycardia?

A 
Physiological - in athletes
Hypothyroidism
Hypothermia
Valvular disease
Drugs - calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, 
Iatrogenic
Ischaemic heart disease (inferior MI)
Hypokalaemia
TB
Thyphoid fever
Rheumatic fever
Viral myocarditis
20
Q

What are the causes of heart block?

A 
Ischaemic heart disease / ACS
Cardiomyopathy
Valvular disease
Drugs - beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, digitalis
Electrolyte disturbances / acidosis
Myocarditis
Cardiac TB
Infective endocarditis
Lyme disease
Erbs dystrophy
Myotonic dystrophy
21
Q

Describe the management of bradycardia?

A

If adverse features (shock, MI, HF, syncope) or type 2 Mobitz or complete heart block:
Give atropine 500 micrograms IV up to six times
Then external transcutaneous pacing if not resolved

If none of the above criteria:
Observe and treat underlying cause

22
Q

What are the potential causes of right bundle branch block?

A 
Can be physiological
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Atrial septal defect
Ischaemic heart disease
Brugada syndrome
PE
Rheumatic heart disease
Myocarditis
Cardiomyopathy
Hypertension
23
Q

What are the potential causes of left bundle branch block?

A 
Acute MI
Aortic stenosis
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Extensive coronary artery disease
Hypertension -> aortic regurgitation
Lyme disease

Cardiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions