Congenital Heart Diseases

Question 1

most common cyanotic heart disease

Answer 1

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 2

components of TOF

Answer 2

Pulmonic Stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Overriding the VSD by the aorta
Ventricular septal defect

Question 3

mild form of TOF

Answer 3

pink TOF

Question 4

severe from of TOF

Answer 4

classic TOF

Question 5

TOF on CXR

Answer 5

boot shaped heart

Question 6

ventriculo-arterial discordance that results to switching of aorta and pulmonary arteries

Answer 6

Transposition of Great Arteries

Question 7

associated with offsprings of diabetic mothers

Answer 7

Transposition of Great Arteries

Question 8

shunts seen on TGA

Answer 8

VSD(35%) - stable shunt

Foramen ovale/PDA(65%) - unstable shunt

Question 9

TGA on CXR

Answer 9

egg shaped cardiac silhouette

Question 10

ventricular changes seen on TGA

Answer 10

thick RV, atrophic LV

Question 11

single great artery with VSD

Answer 11

Truncus Arteriosus

Question 12

early cyanosis with irreversible pulmonary hypertension

Answer 12

Truncus Arteriorsus

Question 13

Complete occlusion of tricuspid valve with associated hypoplastic right ventricle

Answer 13

Tricuspid Atresia

Question 14

circulation maintained by R to L shunt via ASD or patent foramen ovale

Answer 14

Tricuspid atresia

Question 15

anomalous connections by pulmonary veins to systemic veins, with blood in the pumonary veins going to the right atrium, needing ASD and patent foramen ovale

Answer 15

Total Anomalous pulmonary vein connection

Question 16

most common variant of TAPVC

Answer 16

supracardiac(drains to innominate/brachiocephalic vein)

Question 17

most common adult congenital heart defect

Answer 17

Atrial septal defect

Question 18

fixed widely split S2 with mild systolic murmur of upper sternal border - due to excessive flow to the pulmonary valve

Answer 18

Atrial septal defect

Question 19

Most common type of ASD

Answer 19

Secundum

Question 20

type of ASD adjacent to AV valve and usually associated with cleft anterior mtiral leafler

Answer 20

Primum

Question 21

type of ASD near the entrance of the SVC, commonly accompanied by anomalous connections of R pulmonary veins to the SVC or right atrium

Answer 21

Sinus venosus

Question 22

most common CHD

Answer 22

ventricular septal defect

Question 23

defects associated with ventricular septal defect

Answer 23

TOF, cri du chat syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 24

VSD seen on the muscular septum

Answer 24

Swiss - cheese septum

Question 25

Type of VSD: hole is in the membranous septum

Answer 25

Membranous VSD

Question 26

Type of VSD: hole is below the pulmonary valve

Answer 26

Infundibular

Question 27

Type of VSD: hole is within the muscular septum

Answer 27

Ventricular Septum VSD

Question 28

what percentage of VSD will close spontaneously

Answer 28

50%

Question 29

associated with congenital rubella and RDS

Answer 29

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 30

harsh machinery like murmur

Answer 30

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 31

partial atrioventricular septal defect

Answer 31

primary ASD and cleft anterior mitral leaflet causing mitral insufficiency

Question 32

complete atrioventricular septal defect

Answer 32

hole in the center of the heart; 1/3 have down syndrome

Question 33

treatment for PDA

Answer 33

indomethacin

Question 34

CHD in Down Syndrome

Answer 34

ASD and PDA

Question 35

most common coarctation of aorta

Answer 35

infantile coarctation, preductal

Question 36

Adult coarctation of aorta

Answer 36

post ductal(30% of cases)

Question 37

COA: lower body cyanosis

Answer 37

Infantile COA

Question 38

CoA: upper extremity hypertention, rib nothcing on CXR, possible rupture of berry aneurysm, collateral circulation

Answer 38

Adult Coarctation, post ductal

Question 39

Associated with turner syndrome

Answer 39

Infantile Coarctation of Aorta

Question 40

Associated with Marfan Syndrome

Answer 40

dissection of aorta, Mitral Valve prolapse

Question 41

Associated with Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Answer 41

PDA