Congenital Heart Diseases- Batten

Question 1

most common birth defect

Answer 1

congenital heart defect

Question 2

what resistance is high at birth and then falls once

Answer 2

Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (lungs not being used in the womb)

Question 3

what causes fluid in lungs w/ heart defect

Answer 3

L to R shunt of blood causes backup in the lungs

Question 4

what usually closes within 3 days of birth

Answer 4

PDA

Question 5

what resistance increases at birth when umbilical cord is clamped

Answer 5

systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

Question 6

result of this shunt is pulmonary overcirculation

Answer 6

L to R shunt

Question 7

infant presents w/:
tachypnea
worried face
diaphoresis
crackles
poor weight gain
hepatomegaly
pulmonary edema + cardiomegaly on CXR

Answer 7

L to R shunt (CHF)

Question 8

what can L to R shunt lead to later

Answer 8

pulmonary HTN

Question 9

what syndrome can arise from L to R shunt that reverses to R to L shunt after a while; cyanotic

Answer 9

Eisenmenger syndrome

Question 10

Rx for infant with CHF

Answer 10

diuretics (decrease preload)
ACEI’s (decrease afterload)

Question 11

type of L to R shunt that has perimembranous type as most common

Answer 11

VSD

Question 12

_____ septal defect can cause more pressure in RV and then pushed into pulmonary a.

Answer 12

ventricular

Question 13

harsh holosystolic murmur heard at LLSB (S1 and S2 hard to hear)

Answer 13

VSD

Question 14

Answer 14

Patent foramen ovale

Question 15

Answer 15

secundum ASD

Question 16

Answer 16

primum ASD

Question 17

flap of foramen ovale made out of what

Answer 17

septum primum

Question 18

fixed, split S2 holosystolic murmur at LUSB

Answer 18

ASD

Question 19

_____don’t cause early CHF like VSD’s and can go unheard

Answer 19

ASD’s

Question 20

most common defect in down syndrome

Answer 20

AV Canal

Question 21

this has result of AV valve dumping into both ventricles (both sides of heart get big)

Answer 21

AV canal defect

Question 22

baby can develop this if mom has rubella infection during pregnancy

Answer 22

PDA

Question 23

usually closes at birth when lungs start functioning and drop in prostaglandin

Answer 23

PDA

Question 24

continuous machinery-like murmur at LUSB

Answer 24

PDA

Question 25

Rx for PDA if given early (will close it)

Answer 25

NSAIDs

Question 26

4 main types of L to R shunts

Answer 26

VSD, ASD, AV canal defect, PDA

Question 27

2 main types of R to L shunts

Answer 27

Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of Great Arteries

Question 28

infants with this shunt present with cyanosis and tachypnea

Answer 28

R to L shunt

Question 29

most common cyanotic heart defect in children

Answer 29

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

Question 30

this R to L shunt is associated with DiGeorge syndrome

Answer 30

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 31

murmur at LSB from pulmonary stenosis

Answer 31

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 32

Answer 32

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 33

to treat “tet spell”

Answer 33

increase SVR to stop R to L shunting

Question 34

drugs used to treat “tet spell”

Answer 34

morphine and phenylephrine

Question 35

Rx d-TGA when cyanotic baby is born

Answer 35

give prostaglandin to keep PDA open

Question 36

baby is cyanotic and acidotic, what to do

Answer 36

balloon atrial septostomy

Question 37

this causes an increase in afterload and decrease in perfusion to lower body

Answer 37

coarctation of the aorta

Question 38

common in Turner’s syndrome; high bp of arm; diminished femoral pulses

Answer 38

coarctation of aorta

Question 39

LUSB murmur but heard loudest on the back

Answer 39

coarctation of aorta

Question 40

cyanosis of kids seen where

Answer 40

lips; clubbing of fingers

Question 41

coronary a. anomaly that can cause sudden cardiac arrest

Answer 41

anomalous L coronary a.

Question 42

causes sudden cardiac arrest in athletes

Answer 42

anomalous RCA

Question 43

infection of valves

Answer 43

endocarditis (vegetation)