Conjunctions

Question 1

אַבָל

Answer 1

“but” – marks opposition; indicates the opposite of an expectation raised by
an immediately preceding expression

Question 2

אוֹ

Answer 2

“or” – lists alternatives

Question 3

אָז

Answer 3

“then”; “at that time”

Question 4

אִם

Answer 4

“if” – introduces a real condition (see handout on clauses)
“though, although” – introduces a concession (see clauses)
“or” – introduces an alternative (in the second clause) אם . . . אמ – “whether . . . or” – introduces an alternative (in both first and
second clauses)

Question 5

בַּעֲבוּר

Answer 5

“(in order) that” – introduces a purpose

Question 6

ו

Answer 6

I) Simple WAW וְ
A) Coordinative "and"
B) Disjunctive  "but"
C) Alternative "or"
D) Explicative  "even"

2) Strong WAW (VC/PN) וַ
A) with preterite- simple past

Question 7

כִּי + Main Clause (2nd clause)

Answer 7

(A) Conditional – “if” – introduces the protasis of a condition
(B) Temporal – “when”
(C) Causal – “because
(D) Concessive – “though”

Question 8

Main Clause (1st) + כִּי

Answer 8

(A) Content marker – “that” – introduces an object clause after the following verbs ידע, שׁמע, ראה, שׁבע, נגד, זכר, אמן, and עוד.

(B) Causal – “because”

(C) Adversative (after a negative) – “but”

(D) Asseverative – “indeed, truly”

Question 9

כִּי אִם

Answer 9

(1) An emphasizing particle – “surely”
(2) A particle of exception after a negative – “but,” “only,” “except”

(RARELY- “for if”)

Question 10

לוּ

Answer 10

Conditional introducing unreal/hypothetical conditions – “if”

Question 11

לוּלֵי

Answer 11

Introduces a negative unreal/hypothetical condition – “if … not”

Question 12

לָכֵן

Answer 12

“therefore”

Question 13

לִמַעַן

Answer 13

Purpose – “in order that”

Result – “so that”

Question 14

פֶּן

Answer 14

“Lest” – introduces a negative purpose

Question 15

עַל–כֵּן

Answer 15

“Therefore” – introduces after the statement of grounds, a fact