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HISTOLOGY > CONNECTIVE TISSUE > Flashcards

CONNECTIVE TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissue forms _______ ________ for the body; provides __________ ________ and its the site of exchange of waste products ,______ and ______

A

connective tissue forms structural support of the body and provides mechanical stability and its the site of exchange of waste products, oxigen and nutrients

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2
Q

___ is stored in connective tissue

A

Fat is stored in connective tissue

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3
Q

Connective tissue is composed of:

A

support cells and their associated matrix

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4
Q

Fibroblast can be ________ or _________

A

Fibroblast can be active or quiescent fibroblast (fibrocyte)

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5
Q

Mesenchymal stem cells give rise to:

A

Bone/osteoblasts , cartilage/chondroblasts , connective tissue and adipose tissue

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6
Q

The most common type of cells in connective tissue is:

A

fibroblast

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7
Q

Hematopoietic stem cell give rise to:

A

blood cells, monocytes (macrophages and osteoclastos), lymphocytes (plasma cell and T cell).

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8
Q

Conective tissue can be _____ and _____.

A

Conective tissue can be mature and embryonic

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9
Q

The 2 groups of connective tissue are:

A

Connective tissue proper and Spcialized connective tissue

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10
Q

Types of connective tissue proper : (name and describe them )

A
  1. Loose connective tissue
  2. dense connective tissue
    • dense irregular connective tissue
    • dense regular connective tissue
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11
Q

Adipose tissue, cartilage tissue, blood and bone are types of ________ _______ ________

A

Adipose tissue, cartilage tissue, blood and bone are types of specialized connective tissue

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12
Q

Name the support cells in the connective tissue:

A
  • fibroblastos
  • chondrocytes
  • osteoblasts
  • myofibroblasts
  • adipocytes
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13
Q

What are fibroblasts ?

A

fixed cell in connective tissue that secrete extracellular matrix components, collagen and elastin.

origin: mesenchymal cells

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14
Q

What are chondrocytes?

A

secrete EMC of cartilage

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15
Q

What are osteoblast?

A

Secrete EMC of bone

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16
Q

what are myofibroblasts?

A

Secrete EMC and have contractile function and are enriched with a form of actin also found in smooth muscle cells.These are abundant in aras undergoing healing.

Elongated, spindly connective tissue cell.

It’s not easily stain with H&E dye by llight microscopy.

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17
Q

What are adipocytes?

A

specially adapted lipid-storing support cells that act as energy store AND cushioning and padding.

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18
Q

What is extracellular matrix?

A

consists of ground substance (gelly like), cells and fiber embbeded in it. Provides mechanical, structure support, extracellular communication, provides pathways for cell migration and modulate cell growth.

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19
Q

What are the components of ground substance?

A
  1. proteoglycans: aggrecan, syndecan
  2. cell adhesion glycoproteins: fibreonectin, laminin
  3. glycosaminoglycans: keratan sulfate, hyaluronic acid
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20
Q

Explain ground substance components structure

A

As shown here schematically, connective tissue ground substance

contains a vast complex of proteoglycans linked to very

long hyaluronan molecules. Each proteoglycan monomer has

a core protein with a few or many side chains of the sulfated

glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

21
Q

What are glycosaminoglycans- GAGs?

A

negatively charged long, rod- like chains of repeating disaccharides that have the capability of binding large quantities of water. Ex hyalyronic acid

22
Q

What are proteoglycans?

A

It constitute the family of macromolecules, each composed of a protein core to wich GAGs are covalently bonded

23
Q

hyaluronidase

A

Enzyme that cleaves hyaluronic acid into numerous small fragments. thus convesting the gel state of the ECM to a liquid state letting rapid spread of the bacteria through the connective tissue spaces

24
Q

What are cell adhesion glycoproteins?

A

Large molecules with several domains and they bind to: integrins, collagen fibrils and proteoglycans. These permit the cells to adhere to components of the ECM.

Types of glycoproteins: fibronectin, laminin, entactin, tenascin, chondronectin, and osteonectin

25
Q

Identify the image and describe

A

active state of fibroblast.

The active fibroblast have a basophilic cytoplasm reflectinve collagen synthesis.

26
Q

What are the cellular components of Extracellular matrix?

A

fixed cells: which develop and remain in place withing the connective tissue. Ex fibroblasts, adipose cells, macrophages and pericytes

transcient cells: originate in bone morrow and circulate the bloodstream. Ex lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, macrophages and mast cells

27
Q

Identify the image and describe

A

Quiescent fibroblast or fibrocytes

The fibroblast lose thei voluminous basophilic cytoplasm and the nuclei gets reduced.

28
Q

Active fibroblasts show ______ _____ ______ _____ and ______

A

Active fibroblasts show abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclei

29
Q

What are pericytes?

A

These cells surround endothelial cells of capillaries and small venules. Reside outside of the connective tissue because they have their own basal lamina.

Have characteristics of: endothelial cells and smooth cells (actin, myosin, and tropomyosin)

may function on contraction

30
Q

What are Adipose Cells?

A
  • Origin: undifferentiated fibroblast-like mesenchymal cells
  • Function: synthesis or storage of triglycerides
  • Produce hormones like Adipokines
  • Types of fat cells: unilocular fat cells white adipose tissue and multilocular fat cells brown adipose tissue
31
Q

what are mast cells?

A

Origin: bone morrow stem cells

Structure : They are ovoid and posses a centrally placed, spherical nucleus, have numerous granules in the cytoplasm.

Function: inflammatory response, innate immunity, and tissue repair. Primary mediator: histamine; Secondary: leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and prostaglandins.

32
Q

What are macrophages?

A

Mononuclear phagocytic system and are divided in two groups: phagocytes and antigen presenting cells. These cells phagocytose foreign substances and damaged senescent cells as cellular debirs

All:

arise from stem cell in bone marrow —> monocytes—-> macrophages (monocytes circulate the blood and signaling lead them to connective tissue where they mature and become macrophages)

have lysosomes

capable of phagocytosis

display receptors for complement

33
Q

What are the cells of mononuclear phagocyte system? (tipos de macrophagos)

A
  • monocyte:
    • in liver
    • precursos of macrophages
  • macrophage:
    • connective tissue, lymphoid organs, lungs, bone marrow
    • prodcution of cytokines, chemotactic factors and other molecules in inflammation, antigen presentation
  • Kupffer cells :
    • liver
    • same as macrophages
  • microglial cell:
    • in CNS
    • same as macrophages
  • langherhans cell:
    • epidermis of skin
    • antigen processing and presentation
  • dendritic cell:
    • lymph nodes, spleen
      • antigen processing and presentation
  • osteoclast (from fusion of several macrophages):
    • bone
    • localized digestion of bone matrix
  • mulinuclear giant cell: (from fussion of several macrophages)
    • in connective tissue under various pathological conditions
34
Q

Decribe loose connective tissue/ aereolar tissue

A

What? Its characterized by abundant ground substance and extracellular fluid housing the connective tissue cells: fibroblasts, adipose cells, macrophages and mas cells (equal parts). Its very flexible and not resistant to stress

Composition? Predomina las fibras de colageno pero tiene fibras elasticas y reticulares.

Location? below mesothelial lining od body cavities, sorrounds parenchyma of glands.

** this is where the body first attack antigens, bacteria and foreign invaders, therefore, it has MANY cells for inflammation, allergic reactions and immune reponse**

35
Q

what is lamina proria?

A

loose connective tissue of mucous membranes as alimentary canal

36
Q

Describe dense connective tissue

A

In comparison with loose connective tissue has MORE fibers and FEWER cells.

Theres two types: dense irregular and dense regular

37
Q

Identify the type of tissue here and describe

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

Contains mostly coarse collagen fibers interwoven into a meshwork that resist stress from all direction. collagen is very tightky packed so theres no space for ground substance. fibroblasts, most abundandt cell, are located between collagen bundle.

It’s located in the dermis of the skin, sheaths of nerves, capsules of spleen, testes, ovary, kidney, and lymph nodes

38
Q
A
39
Q

Identify tissue and parts

A
40
Q

Identify tissue and parts

A
41
Q

Dense Regular collagenous connective tissue

A

It has a parallel organization of collagen and resist tensile forces with little ground substance. Thin sheet like fibroblast are located between bundles of collagen.

42
Q

Dense regular elastic connective tissue

A

It has coarse branching elastic fibers with only a few collagen fibers. It’s present in blood cells, ligamentum flavum of the vertebral column, and the suspensory ligament of the penis

43
Q

Connective Tissue Fibers

A

proteins that determine tensile properties of support tissues.

Major 4:

collagen

fibrillin

elastin

fibronectin

44
Q

Collagen Fibers

A

family of proteins and sre the most important fibrillar extracellular matrix components. They are flexible, high tensile strength

Masson’s stain- light green

Acidic dyes- readily with eosin

Mallory - anylin blue

45
Q

Families of collagen are:

A

fibrillar collagen: 1,2,3,5,11

short-chain collagen: 8,10

basement membrane collagens: 4

other collagen: 6,7,13

1,2,3 are arranged as rope like fibrils and are the main forms of fibrillar collagen

46
Q

Reticulin fibers

A

proide supporting framework for the cellular constituents of various tissues and organs

thin fibrils of type 3 collagen

Stain: PAS, black

47
Q

Elastic Fibers

A

hydrophobic fiber produced by fibroblast. Formed by interaction of elastin and fibrillin. This give elasticity to the tossues and allow them to recoil after stretching. Microfibrils are important in this fibers

Thinnr than collgen fibers

Stain: take acidic dye better than collagen

special dye: orcein or resorcin-fuchsin

48
Q

microfibirls are prominent in elastic containing EM like

A

lung, skin, blood vessel walls

49
Q

Marfan’s syndrome

A

abnormal expression of the fibrillin gene, autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder. Abnormal elastic tissue because of absence of elastin-associated fibrillin microfibers

HISTOLOGY (7 decks)

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