Connective Tissue 2

Question 1

What is blood?

Answer 1

1. Blood is the suspension of cells in a fluid.
2. It is transported around the body via the heart.
3. Transport vehicle for gases, nutrients, waste products, cells and hormones

Question 2

What is the fluid component of the blood?

Answer 2

Plasma

Question 3

3 Cellular Components of the blood.

Answer 3

1. RBCs (Erythrocytes)
2. WBCs (leucocytes)
3. Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Question 4

Blood is commonly stained by which stains ?

Answer 4

Giemsa and Wright stains.

Question 5

I’m having an affinity for basic dye, The stain i like is methylene Blue because its makes me deep blue… Who I am?

Answer 5

Basophilia

Question 6

Use neutral dyes for me, I will be turned salmon pink/ lilac… Who I am?

Answer 6

Neutrophilia

Question 7

Stain me using Eosin, because I have an affinity for acidic dyes, I will turned pink/red… One thing about i have two names. Name my names.

Answer 7

Eosinophilia

Acidophilia

Question 8

Azurophilia is having an affinity for acidic dye and stains lysosomes purple. True or False

Answer 8

False

because have an affinity for azure dyes.

Question 9

Blood cells that contain hemoglobin

Answer 9

Erythrocytes

Question 10

Blood cells that transport Oxygen and Carbon dioxide and they are immotile

Answer 10

Erythrocytes

Question 11

What is meant by Haematocrit

Answer 11

Means what part of the blood is made by RBCs .

Fraction of blood (by volume) occupied by erythrocytes

Question 12

Range of Haematocrit

Answer 12

0.35 - 0.50

Question 13

Name the blood cells that form parts of the body’s defense and immune system.

Answer 13

Leucocytes

Question 14

They act mainly in blood tissues and they are in transit or reserve when in blood.
Name this blood cells.

Answer 14

Leucocytes.

Question 15

WBCs are classified into 2 groups and each group has WBCs that falls under it. Name the 2 groups and list WBCs under them.

Answer 15

1. Granulocytes: BEN
   Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils
2. Mononuclear Leucocytes :
   Monocytes and Lymphocytes

Question 16

Granulocytes have a single nucleus- segmented into lobes and are End cells.
True or false

Answer 16

True

Question 17

The granulocytes that enter interstitial mucosa is?

Answer 17

Eosinophils

Question 18

Why Eosinophils enter interstitial mucosa?

Answer 18

Enter tissues in response to specific signals and inflammation

Question 19

Granulocytes do not enter tissues in any number (just circulate), except which granulocyte?

Answer 19

Eosinophils

Question 20

1. They are nonlobulated nucleus
2. Routinely Enter tissues
   Name these WBCs.

Answer 20

Mononuclear Leucocytes.

Question 21

Differentiates between Monocytes and Leucocytes.

Answer 21

Monocytes can mature into macrophages and they can phagocyte the pathogens (highly phagocytic) . Ingest microorganisms and cell debris.

Leucocytes Facilitate and regulate inflammation, Directed toward specific antigens (foreign agents), Provide a targeted response, Capable of proliferation.

Question 22

They prevent bleeding. Name those WBCs.

Answer 22

Thrombocytes.

Question 23

Explain how the thrombocytes work.

Answer 23

Bind to and coat damaged vessel walls
Plug/Patch small defects in vessel walls
Help activate blood-clotting cascade. Produce signals to recruit adherence of additional platelets.

Question 24

Haematopoiesis- Fill in the missing words.

1. Production of ———-
2. Begins in early intrauterine life ———–
3. Then establishes in ————
4. Between ————–
5. Dominant site from 3 to 7 months gestation
6. Then as bone develops, establishes in spaces between ————————
7. By birth, enough space for all hematopoiesis
8. adulthood, occurs in the ————-

Answer 24

1. Mature blood cells
2. Yolk sac
3. Liver Sinusoid
4. Hepatocytes
5. Bon Trabeculae
6. axial skeleton

Question 25

Erythropoiesis 1. Production of mature ------------- 2. Begins as a -------------------- 3. Divide to form -------------- 4. Develop to form --------------- (grey cytoplasm – increasing 5. cytoplasmic haemoglobin) 6. No further division 7. Orthochromatic erythroblast [OE] 7. Final nucleated form Cytoplasm rich in haemoglobin but still contains ribosomes with continuing haemoglobin synthesis) 8. Form ------------------

Answer 25

1. Erythrocytes 2. Proerythroblast 3. Basophilic Erythroblast 4. Polychromatic Erythroblast 5. Reticulocytes

Question 26

What are Reticulocytes?

Answer 26

``` Immature RBCs (Erythrocytes). Have nuclei having mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and ribosomes. They are released from bone marrow, they are slightly larger than erythrocytes. They continue to secrete haemoglobin. Staining is slightly basophilic because of ribosomes and RNA. They take 48 hours to mature into erythrocytes. ```

Question 27

Explain what are Erythrocytes.

Answer 27

Adaptive transportation of CO2 and O2. They have an outer plasma membrane and cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton allows erythrocytes to diffuse easily in capillaries. They have a biconcave shape allows more space for the exchange o gaseous. They enclose the concentrated Haemoglobin. Lifespan 120 days.

Question 28

Production of mature Granulocytes

Answer 28

Granulopoiesis

Question 29

Granulopoieses. Fill in the missing words synthesis of the production. 1. Starts with ----------- 2. Develop to ----------- 3. Develop to form ----------- 4. Develop to form -------------

Answer 29

1. Myoblast 2. Promyelocytes 3. Myelocytes 4. Metamyelocytes

Question 30

What are metamyelocytes

Answer 30

Are End cells that will develop into Eosinophils, Neutrophils ad Basophils. Incapable of cell division Increase indented nucleus Nuclear segmentation

Question 31

Name the granulocytes that are found in high proportion, and they are highly motile and they are highly phagocytosis. Nuclear segmentation is still continuing and they have a few days lifespan.

Answer 31

Neutrophils

Question 32

Their mature basophil has a bilobed nucleus. They are less than 0.5% in leucocytes that circulating. Name this Granulocyte.

Answer 32

Basophils

Question 33

Explain in detail what are eosinophils.

Answer 33

1-6% of leucocytes in circulating blood Larger than neutrophils Most cells have a bilobed nucleus – further segments as cells mature in tissue Circulate in the blood for approximately 18 hours Then exit capillaries to enter tissues, where majority (>95%) reside Survive in tissues for extended periods (8-12 days and longer) Under normal conditions, tissue-based eosinophils are found in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, mainly the intestine

Question 34

Maturation of monocytes is known as ?

Answer 34

Monopoiesis

Question 35

Explain the formation of monocytes.

Answer 35

The monoblast are mature to Promonocytes and the promonocytes they will undergo cell division 2 times to produce 4 mature monocytes every 60 hours.

Question 36

largest leucocytes are known as?

Answer 36

Monocytes

Question 37

Monocytes can mature to ?

Answer 37

Macrophages

Question 38

Thrombopoiesis, fill the missing words. 1. Production of mature -------------- 2. Begins as a ------------------ 3. Develop to form --------------- 4. Fragment to release platelets

Answer 38

1. Thrombocytes 2. Megakaryoblast 3. Megakaryocytes

Question 39

What are Thrombocytes ?

Answer 39

Small, non-nucleated fragments of cytoplasm Small, round or oval, biconvex cytoplasmic discs, varying in size Range from 150 to 500 × 109 /L in circulating blood Survive 5 to 10 days in circulating blood Platelets have most organelles as other cells – except nuclei

Question 40

Describe the production of mature lymphocytes.

Answer 40

Formation of lymphocytes Begins as a lymphoblast - Some mature in bone marrow into B cells - Some mature via the thymus into T cells - Others differentiate into natural killer cells (NK cells) in bone marrow

Question 41

Circulate between various lymphoid tissues and other tissues of the body via blood and lymphatic vessels and they are not end cells. Name this cells.

Answer 41

Lymphocytes

Question 42

Haaematopoesis

Answer 42

You Love Boys Argh

Question 43

Erythropoesis NB, Immotile

Answer 43

Profitable Bussiness Pollute Our Rural Environment

Question 44

Granulopoesis

Answer 44

MPMM

Question 45

Eosinophil & Basophil

Answer 45

Bilobed nuclei

Question 46

Mononuclear

Answer 46

Macrophages and lymphocytes