Connective Tissue

Question 1

Connective tissue consists of _____ and ______ associated with extracellular matrix

Answer 1

cells, proteins

Question 2

What are seven functions of connective tissue?

Answer 2

enclose organs as a capsule and separate organs into layers, connect tissues to each other (tendons, ligaments), support and movement (bones), storage (fat), cushion and insulation (fat), transport (blood), protect (immune system)

Question 3

Cells that end in ______ tend to be responsible for creating the matrix.

Answer 3

blast

Question 4

Cells that end in _____ tend to be responsible for maintaining the matrix

Answer 4

cyte

Question 5

Cells that end in ____ tend to be responsible for breaking the matrix down

Answer 5

clast

Question 6

What are three things that mast cells can release in response to injury?

Answer 6

heparin, histamine, proteolytic enzymes (protein digesting)

Question 7

What are the two types of macrophages?

Answer 7

fixed and wandering

Question 8

What is the most common protein in the body?

Answer 8

collagen

Question 9

What are the three protein fibers of the extracellular matrix?

Answer 9

collagen, reticular, elastic (REC)

Question 10

Which of the three matrix proteins form branching networks and fill the spaces between tissues and organs?

Answer 10

Reticular (fills spaces & forms branching networks)

Question 11

Which protein fiber has molecules that are cross-linked and contain proteins that look like coiled springs?

Answer 11

Elastic

Question 12

What protein makes up elastic fibers?

Answer 12

Elastin

Question 13

What are three types of molecules included in the ground substance?

Answer 13

Hyaluronic acid (cushion/lubricant), proteoglycans, adhesive molecules (end in -nectin)

Question 14

The adhesive molecule in the cartilage is ________, in the bone is ______, and in the fibrous connective tissue is _________

Answer 14

chondronectin, osteonectin, fibronectin

Question 15

What is the purpose of adhesive molecules in the ground substance?

Answer 15

Hold proteoglycan aggragates together

Question 16

Ground substance molecules have ______ attached to them that associate with surrounding water

Answer 16

sugars

Question 17

What are the two classifications of connective tissue proper?

Answer 17

Loose (areolar), dense

Question 18

______ connective tissue proper has no orderly struture, while ______ fibers form thick bundles filling extracellular spaces

Answer 18

loose, dense

Question 19

In what two groups of people is brown fat commonly found?

Answer 19

newborns, people who work outside a lot

Question 20

What is the difference between yellow and brown fat?

Answer 20

Brown fat releases most of its energy as heat when it’s metabolized, while yellow fat doesn’t

Question 21

Where are chondrocytes located in cartilage?

Answer 21

lacunae

Question 22

The protein part of proteoglycans attaches to hyaluronic acid in order to….

Answer 22

trap alot of water

Question 23

Is cartilage vascular or avascular?

Answer 23

avascular

Question 24

Why does cartilage heal so slowly?

Answer 24

It is highly avascular and has no nerve supply

Question 25

Dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds cartilage is called the ____________

Answer 25

perichondrium

Question 26

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 26

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

Question 27

______ of the perichondrium can differentiate into chondroblasts

Answer 27

fibroblasts

Question 28

Which type of cartilage has large amount of collagen fivers evenly distributed in the proteoglycan matrix?

Answer 28

hyaline

Question 29

Which type of cartilage has thick collagen fibers distributed in the proteoglycan matrix?

Answer 29

Fibrocartilage

Question 30

Which type of cartilage has elastic and collagen fibers embedded in proteoglycans?

Answer 30

Elastic

Question 31

Where is fibrocartilage typically found?

Answer 31

in areas where great pressure applied (between vertebrae, jaw)

Question 32

Where is hyaline cartilage typically found?

Answer 32

rib cage, trachea, bronchi

Question 33

Where is elastic cartilage typically found?

Answer 33

external ears, epiglottis

Question 34

What are the two types of bone?

Answer 34

spongy, compact

Question 35

What is the organic part of bone? What is the inorganic?

Answer 35

collagen fibers (organic), hydroxyapatite (Ca and PO4)

Question 36

_____ bone is arranged in concentric circle layers, and is found on periphery of bones

Answer 36

compact

Question 37

What makes the matrix of the blood (plasma) different from the matrix of other connective tissues?

Answer 37

Plasma is formed by other tissues unlike the other ct types

Question 38

What are the formed elements of the blood?

Answer 38

red cells, white cells, platelets

Question 39

Where is hematopoietic tissue found?

Answer 39

in bone marrow

Question 40

What are the two types of bone marrow?

Answer 40

red and yellow

Question 41

What does red marrow form?

Answer 41

red and white cells

Question 42

As children grow, _____ marrow replaces a lot of the ____ marrow

Answer 42

yellow, red

Question 43

A fibroblast decides which connective tissue to form based on what kinds of signals?

Answer 43

chemical and mechanical

Question 44

What are the three types of muscle?

Answer 44

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 45

Which of the muscle types are involuntary?

Answer 45

smooth and cardiac

Question 46

What is the difference between smooth and cardiac muscle?

Answer 46

Cardiac muscle is striated, smooth is not

Question 47

Is skeletal muscle striated?

Answer 47

yes

Question 48

Support cells of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves are called...

Answer 48

neuroglia