Connective Tissue

Question 1

Connective Tissue Functions

Answer 1

Connect
Protect
Support

Question 2

Connective Tissue Components

Answer 2

Made of fibers, cells and ground substance

Question 3

Fibers

Answer 3

Provide tensile strength

Main types are collagen and elastin

Question 4

Collagen

Answer 4

Made up of tropocollagen

Question 5

Cells

Answer 5

Either fixed or migratory

Question 6

Ground Substance

Answer 6

Made up of water, GAG’s and proteoglycans

Question 7

GAG’s

Answer 7

Negatively charged and resist pressure

Question 8

Dense Connective Tissue

Answer 8

Ligament
Tendon
Outer layer of joint capsule

Question 9

Loose Connective Tissue

Answer 9

Adipose
Areolar tissue
Surrounds blood vessels/nerves

Question 10

Viscoelastic Material Properties

Answer 10

Time-dependent
Rate-dependent
Hysteresis

Question 11

Time-Dependent

Answer 11

Longer load = greater deformation

Question 12

Rate-Dependent

Answer 12

Better resists loads applied more quickly than slow

Question 13

Hysteresis

Answer 13

Energy dissipates due to internal friction, leading to curve of deformation

Question 14

Creep Phenomenon

Answer 14

Strain reaches equilibrium over period of time

Question 15

Stress-Strain Curve

Answer 15

Strain is the deformation of tissue

Stress is the load placed on the tissue

Question 16

Toe Region

Answer 16

Minimal stress

Question 17

Elastic Region

Answer 17

Increased stress up to yield point

Elastic limit

Question 18

Plastic Region

Answer 18

Past the last limit and will have permanent deformation

Question 19

Failure Point

Answer 19

Complete rupture

Question 20

Young’s Modulus

Answer 20

How much a substance will deform in response to force

Question 21

Cortical Bone

Answer 21

Outer perimeter

Resist torsion and bending

Question 22

Cancellous Bone

Answer 22

Metabolic activity

Highly vascular

Question 23

Wolff’s Law

Answer 23

Bone is laid down in areas of high stress and resorbed in areas of low stress

Question 24

Cartilage Zone

Answer 24

Superficial (horizontal collagen) (1)
Transitional zone (arch-like collagen) (2)
Deep zone (perpendicular collagen) (3)
Zone of calcified cartilage (4)

Question 25

Tendons

Answer 25

``` Type 1 collagen fibers Oriented in line of tension Transmit muscle force to bones Poor blood supply Myotendinous junction is weakest ```

Question 26

Ligaments

Answer 26

Type 1 collagen fibers Oriented in line of tension Provide joint stabilization at end range Bone to bone

Question 27

Bone Optimal Stimulus

Answer 27

Loading along axis of bone

Question 28

Cartilage Optimal Stimulus

Answer 28

Intermittent compression and decompression

Question 29

Ligaments/Tendons

Answer 29

Tensile stress in the line of fiber orientation

Question 30

Aging on Connective Tissue

Answer 30

Decreased water content, elasticity, maximal strength and adaptability

Question 31

Diabetes on Connective Tissue

Answer 31

Increased cross-linkage of fibers (greater stiffness and risk for damage)

Question 32

Immobilization on Connective Tissue

Answer 32

``` Osteoporosis Decrease water content Atrophy of cartilage Atrophy at MTJ (dec tendon strength) Atrophy/disorganization of ligament fiber arrangement ```