Flashcards in Connective Tissue Deck (32):
1
Connective Tissue Functions
Connect
Protect
Support
2
Connective Tissue Components
Made of fibers, cells and ground substance
3
Fibers
Provide tensile strength
Main types are collagen and elastin
4
Collagen
Made up of tropocollagen
5
Cells
Either fixed or migratory
6
Ground Substance
Made up of water, GAG's and proteoglycans
7
GAG's
Negatively charged and resist pressure
8
Dense Connective Tissue
Ligament
Tendon
Outer layer of joint capsule
9
Loose Connective Tissue
Adipose
Areolar tissue
Surrounds blood vessels/nerves
10
Viscoelastic Material Properties
Time-dependent
Rate-dependent
Hysteresis
11
Time-Dependent
Longer load = greater deformation
12
Rate-Dependent
Better resists loads applied more quickly than slow
13
Hysteresis
Energy dissipates due to internal friction, leading to curve of deformation
14
Creep Phenomenon
Strain reaches equilibrium over period of time
15
Stress-Strain Curve
Strain is the deformation of tissue
Stress is the load placed on the tissue
16
Toe Region
Minimal stress
17
Elastic Region
Increased stress up to *yield* point
Elastic limit
18
Plastic Region
Past the last limit and will have permanent deformation
19
Failure Point
Complete rupture
20
Young's Modulus
How much a substance will deform in response to force
21
Cortical Bone
Outer perimeter
Resist torsion and bending
22
Cancellous Bone
Metabolic activity
Highly vascular
23
Wolff's Law
Bone is laid down in areas of high stress and resorbed in areas of low stress
24
Cartilage Zone
Superficial (horizontal collagen) (1)
Transitional zone (arch-like collagen) (2)
Deep zone (perpendicular collagen) (3)
Zone of calcified cartilage (4)
25
Tendons
Type 1 collagen fibers
Oriented in line of tension
Transmit muscle force to bones
Poor blood supply
Myotendinous junction is weakest
26
Ligaments
Type 1 collagen fibers
Oriented in line of tension
Provide joint stabilization at end range
Bone to bone
27
Bone Optimal Stimulus
Loading along axis of bone
28
Cartilage Optimal Stimulus
Intermittent compression and decompression
29
Ligaments/Tendons
Tensile stress in the line of fiber orientation
30
Aging on Connective Tissue
Decreased water content, elasticity, maximal strength and adaptability
31
Diabetes on Connective Tissue
Increased cross-linkage of fibers (greater stiffness and risk for damage)
32