Connective Tissue

Question 1

Structural components of connective tissue

Answer 1

• made of extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells
• most have good blood supply
• most have a nerve supply

Question 2

Functions of CT (6)

Answer 2

• protection
• support/definition
• binding
• transportation
• energy
• immunity

Question 3

What does the cellular matrix contain?

Answer 3

• protein fibres

- ground substance

Question 4

What are some examples of protein fibres?

Answer 4

-elastin, collagen, reticular fibre

Question 5

What is collagen?

Answer 5

white, very strong, resists pulling forces

Question 6

What is the word for when something resists pulling?

Answer 6

Tensile

Question 7

How is fibre arrangement determined?

Answer 7

By the forces acting on the fibres

Question 8

What is elastin?

Answer 8

• Yellow
• Smaller than collagen
• Strong, but stretchy
• Rebound

Question 9

What is a reticular fibre?

Answer 9

Thin, fine collagen fibres that form branching networks

Question 10

What does reticular fibre help to do?

Answer 10

Filter

Question 11

Ground substance can be ___, ____, or ___. What does it do?

Answer 11

Fluid, gel-like (cartilage), calcified (bone)

It supports the cells and through it, substances are exchanged between the blood and the cells

Question 12

What are the 5 CT cells?

Answer 12

1. blasts
2. macrophages
3. plasma cells
4. mast cells
5. adipocytes

Question 13

What are blasts?

Answer 13

“Makers” –> cell secrete into CT to form substance

Found in all major CT types

Question 14

What are 3 blasts examples, where are they found?

Answer 14

1. Fibroblasts: in loose and dense CT
2. Osteoblasts: in bone
3. Chondroblasts: in cartilage

Question 15

What is present in all general CT?

Answer 15

Fibroblasts

Question 16

What do fibroblasts produce?

Answer 16

• various protein fibres

- ground substance

Question 17

What is the purpose of macrophages?

Answer 17

To eat cellular debris and bacteria.

Question 18

What is the purpose of plasma cells?

Answer 18

They are apart of the immune response

–> secrete antibodies

Question 19

What is the purpose of mast cells?

Answer 19

To make histamine

–> part of the inflammatory response

Question 20

What are adipocytes?

Answer 20

Cells that store fat

Question 21

What are the 5 CT types?

Answer 21

1. Loose (areolar, adipose, reticular)
2. Dense (regular, irregular, elastic)
3. Bone
4. Cartilage (hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic)
5. Liquid (blood, lymph)

Question 22

CT with more cells, fewer fibres

Answer 22

Loose Connective Tissue

Question 23

What are the three types of loose CT? How are the fibres?

Answer 23

1. areolar
2. adipose
3. reticular

Fibres are loosely interwined

Question 24

Tell me about areolar CT! (+location/function)

Answer 24

-Loose CT

Universal packing tissue and glue
(can think styrofoam in packaging)

-most widely distributed CT in body

-located: in/around nearly every body structure
(beneath skin, around blood vessels, nerves, body organs)

-functions: strength, elasticity, support
(think seatbelt–holds in place, allows little movement)

Question 25

Tell me about adipose CT! (+location/function)

Answer 25

-Loose CT Is an areolar tissue containing lots of adipocytes - located: beneath skin, around some organs (kidneys, heart, behind eyeball) - function: thermoregulation, energy, support (surrounding structure), protection

Question 26

What are adipose cells?

Answer 26

Fat cells

Question 27

Tell me about reticular CT! (+location/function)

Answer 27

- Loose CT - located: liver, spleen, lymph nodes, basement membrane, around blood vessels and muscles - function: forms the supporting framework of organs, binds smooth muscle cells, filters and removes old blood cells and microbes

Question 28

CT with more fibres, fewer cells

Answer 28

Dense Connective Tissue

Question 29

3 types of dense CT

Answer 29

1. regular 2. irregular 3. elastic

Question 30

Tell me about regular CT! (+location/function)

Answer 30

- Dense CT - collagen is arranged in parallel patterns - location: tendons, most ligaments - function: very strong, but somewhat pliable connections

Question 31

Tell me about irregular CT! (+location/function)

Answer 31

- Dense CT - collagen arranged in random/irregular patterns - location: fascia, structure, support - function: tensile strength in many directions

Question 32

Tell me about elastic CT! (+location/function)

Answer 32

- Dense CT - high elastin content - location: lung tissue, arteries, ligaments between vertebrae - function: stretch and recoil

Question 33

A.K.A. for bone

Answer 33

osseous tissue

Question 34

CT with fewer cells with large amounts of collagen fibres

Answer 34

Bone

Question 35

Tell me about Bone!

Answer 35

- hard b/c matrix is filled with calcium phosphate salts | - function: protection and support, movement

Question 36

What are the cells of cartilage?

Answer 36

Chondrocytes

Question 37

CT with ground substance that has large amounts of collagen, also contains elastic fibres

Answer 37

Cartilage

Question 38

Tell me about Cartilage! What are the 3 types?

Answer 38

- strong and resilient - no nerve supply, no blood supply 1. hyaline 2. fibrocartilage 3. elastic cartilage

Question 39

What is the most common cartilage in the body?

Answer 39

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 40

Appearance of hyaline cartilage

Answer 40

blue/white, smooth, slippery

Question 41

Locations of hyaline cartilage (5)

Answer 41

- lines end of bones - parts of ribs - tip of nose - parts of throat and lungs - fetal skeleton

Question 42

Functions of hyaline cartilage (4)

Answer 42

- flexibility - support - friction reduction - shock absorbtion

Question 43

Is hyaline cartilage good for healing? Why or why not?

Answer 43

No because it is avascular --no blood flow

Question 44

What are the locations for fibrocartilage?

Answer 44

- Intervertebral Discs - Pubic Symphysis - Menisci

Question 45

Function of fibrocartilage

Answer 45

Support

Question 46

What differs elastic cartilage from other cartilages?

Answer 46

Has elastin fibres

Question 47

Location of elastic cartilage

Answer 47

- Epiglottis | - Part of external ear

Question 48

Function of elastic cartilage

Answer 48

-support and flexibility while maintaining shape

Question 49

Two types of liquid CT.

Answer 49

1. Blood | 2. Lymph

Question 50

What is the ECM surrounding cells in blood?

Answer 50

Plasma

Question 51

What are the cells of blood?

Answer 51

- Red blood cells - White blood cells - Platelets

Question 52

What is the function of blood?

Answer 52

Transport system

Question 53

What is lymph CT?

Answer 53

plasma-like fluid in lymphatic vessels

Question 54

Functions of lymph CT

Answer 54

- immunity - transportation - fluid regulation